Sending a finished report | Learn Spanish in English

Sentence explanations

1. ¿Está listo el informe?

   Is the report ready?

   Está

   is / is in a state

   listo

   ready

   informe

   report

   More detail

   Está is a form of estar, used here for a current condition or state. Está is third-person singular present: “is.” Compare está with están (“are” for a plural subject). Spanish uses estar for states such as readiness, while ser is used for identity or more inherent descriptions. Example: La puerta está abierta. — “The door is open.” listo means “ready” here. It is an adjective, and its masculine singular form agrees with el informe: listo; the feminine singular form is lista, and the plural forms are listos and listas. Example: La solicitud está lista. — “The application is ready.” informe means “report.” With the definite article el, it is treated as a masculine singular noun in this sentence. The article and the adjective together show the agreement pattern: el informe listo. In the question, the subject comes after está listo, but it is still the thing being described as ready. Together, ¿Está listo el informe? asks whether the report is ready. The structure is ¿estar + adjective + subject?: ¿Está lista la solicitud? — “Is the application ready?”

2. Está casi listo.

   It is almost ready.

   Está

   is

   casi

   almost

   listo

   ready

   More detail

   Está is a form of estar, meaning “to be” for a current state or condition. It is the present indicative, third-person singular form. Compare está (“is”) with están (“are”). Estar is commonly used for states, conditions, and locations, while ser is used for identity and other descriptions. Casi is an adverb meaning “almost” or “nearly.” It does not change for gender or number. Here it modifies listo, showing that the subject is close to being ready. Listo is an adjective meaning “ready” here. The observed form is masculine singular: listo; related agreeing forms include lista, listos, and listas. The adjective’s form reflects the grammatical gender and number of the subject it describes, but the sentence does not identify that subject more specifically than “it.” Listo can also be an adjective meaning “clever” or “smart,” so its intended sense comes from the context here. Together, está + casi + listo means “is almost ready.” The sentence reports the subject’s current condition as near readiness, without presenting it as fully ready. This is a concise, neutral way to describe that condition.

3. Envíame el archivo cuando esté listo.

   Please send me the file when it is ready.

   Envíame

   send me

   archivo

   file

   cuando

   when

   esté

   is

   listo

   ready

   More detail

   Envíame means “send me” here. It is the affirmative command form for tú of enviar, with the indirect-object pronoun me attached: envía + me → envíame. The written accent keeps the stress in the required place. Example: Envíame la foto. — “Send me the photo.” archivo means “file.” It is a masculine noun, so the phrase uses el archivo. Example: El archivo está aquí. — “The file is here.” cuando introduces a time clause meaning “when.” In this sentence, it links the requested sending to the time at which the file is ready. Example: Llámame cuando llegues. — “Call me when you arrive.” esté is the present subjunctive, third-person singular form of estar. The subject here is el archivo, and the subjunctive is used because its being ready is the condition or future point associated with the command. The indicative form is está; compare El archivo está listo. — “The file is ready.” listo is the adjective “ready.” It is masculine singular to agree with archivo; the feminine singular form is lista, as in La página está lista. — “The page is ready.” Together, Envíame el archivo gives the request “Send me the file,” and cuando esté listo specifies the time: “when it is ready.” The complete meaning is “Please send me the file when it is ready.”

4. Acabo de terminar la última página.

   I just finished the last page.

   Acabo de

   I just…

   terminar

   finish

   última

   last; final

   página

   page

   More detail

   Acabo de is the first-person singular present of acabar plus de. With an infinitive, acabar de + infinitive expresses that something happened very recently: Acabo de llegar means “I just arrived.” Here, acabo agrees with the speaker; the construction does not mean that the speaker is currently finishing something. terminar is the infinitive “to finish” or “to complete.” After acabar de, it names the action that has just been completed. Its infinitive form stays unchanged in this construction. Example: Acabamos de comer means “We just ate.” última means “last” or “final” here. It is the feminine singular form of último, agreeing with the feminine singular noun página: el último capítulo, but la última página. The form última identifies the final item in an ordered set, not merely something that happened most recently. página means “page.” It is a feminine noun: la página; its plural is páginas. The written accent remains in the plural because the stress pattern requires it. Example: Necesito una página más means “I need one more page.” Together, Acabo de terminar means “I just finished,” and la última página means “the last page.” The complete utterance is therefore “I just finished the last page.”

5. Lo necesito antes de que empiece la reunión.

   I need it before the meeting starts.

   Lo

   it

   necesito

   I need

   antes de que

   before

   empiece

   starts

   reunión

   meeting

   More detail

   Lo is a masculine singular direct-object pronoun. Here it means “it,” referring to something already understood; the supplied sentence does not uniquely identify that thing. Its form agrees with the object’s grammatical gender and number, not with the speaker. Compare la for a feminine singular object and los/las for plural objects. necesito is the first-person singular present form of necesitar, “to need.” The ending -o identifies “I” in this present-tense form. Example: Necesito ayuda. — “I need help.” antes de que introduces a clause meaning “before.” Because it introduces an event viewed as not yet completed at the relevant time, Spanish uses the subjunctive in the following clause here. This is a time relation, not a replacement of one action by another. empiece is the third-person singular present subjunctive form of empezar, “to start/begin.” Its subject is the singular noun la reunión, so it means “the meeting starts.” The spelling changes from z to c before the subjunctive ending: empezar → empiece. Example: Espera hasta que empiece la película. — “Wait until the film starts.” reunión means “meeting.” It is a feminine singular noun, shown here by la; the written accent remains part of the word. A useful plural is reuniones, “meetings.” Together, Lo necesito means “I need it.” antes de que empiece la reunión adds the time limit: “before the meeting starts.” The complete utterance is therefore “I need it before the meeting starts.”

6. Ahora adjunto el archivo nuevo.

   I am attaching the new file now.

   Ahora

   now

   adjunto

   I attach / I am attaching

   archivo

   file

   nuevo

   new

   More detail

   Ahora means “now” and places the action at the present moment. It is a time adverb and does not change form. Example: Ahora trabajo. — “I am working now.” Adjunto is the first-person singular present form of adjuntar (“to attach”): yo adjunto. In this sentence, the present tense describes an action happening now, so “I am attaching” is a natural translation. The form also agrees with the understood subject yo; Spanish subject pronouns are often omitted when the verb ending makes the subject clear. Example: Adjunto la solicitud. — “I am attaching the application.” Archivo is a masculine singular noun meaning “file.” Its plural is archivos. Example: El archivo está aquí. — “The file is here.” Nuevo means “new.” It is the masculine singular form of the adjective and agrees with the masculine singular noun archivo. Other forms include nueva with a feminine singular noun and nuevos/nuevas with plural nouns. Example: la carpeta nueva — “the new folder.” Together, Ahora adjunto el archivo nuevo means “I am attaching the new file now.” The sentence presents the speaker as the person doing the attaching, identifies the object as a file, describes that file as new, and places the action in the present moment.

7. Lo revisaré enseguida.

   I will check it right away.

   Lo

   it

   revisaré

   I will check

   enseguida

   right away

   More detail

   Lo is a direct-object pronoun attached before the conjugated verb. It is masculine singular; here it refers to el archivo (“the file”) mentioned in the preceding sentence. Spanish object pronouns agree with the noun they replace: lo for a masculine singular object, la for a feminine singular object, and los/las for plural objects. Example: Lo guardo. — “I save it.” revisaré means “I will check.” Its base form is revisar; revisaré is the simple future, first-person singular, formed here as revisar + -é. This ending identifies “I,” while the future form places the checking after the moment of speaking. Example: Mañana revisaré el informe. — “Tomorrow I will check the report.” enseguida is an adverb meaning “right away” or “immediately.” It modifies the checking action and indicates that it will happen without delay. Example: Te llamo enseguida. — “I’ll call you right away.” Together, Lo revisaré enseguida means “I will check it right away.” The object pronoun Lo identifies what will be checked, revisaré expresses the speaker’s future action, and enseguida specifies that the action will occur immediately.

8. Ahora debería estar en tu bandeja de entrada.

   It should be in your inbox now.

   Ahora

   now

   debería

   should / ought to

   estar

   be / be located

   tu

   your

   bandeja de entrada

   inbox

   More detail

   Ahora means “now” and is placed at the beginning, setting the time for the situation. It can also appear elsewhere: Está ahora en casa means “It is at home now.” debería is the conditional form of deber for a singular third-person subject. In this sentence, debería estar expresses an expectation: the item is expected to be in the inbox, without presenting that location as completely certain. Debería can combine with other infinitives too: Debería llegar mañana means “It should arrive tomorrow.” estar is the infinitive meaning “to be,” used here for a location. Spanish commonly uses estar for where something or someone is: El documento está aquí means “The document is here.” The form remains an infinitive after debería. tu is the singular possessive determiner “your.” It agrees in number with the thing possessed, not in gender with the possessor: tu bandeja but tus mensajes. It has no written accent here; tú with an accent is the subject pronoun “you.” bandeja de entrada is the Spanish expression for “inbox.” bandeja is a feminine singular noun, and de entrada specifies its function. The same pattern appears in expressions such as bandeja de salida, “outbox.” Together, debería estar en tu bandeja de entrada means “should be in your inbox.” en introduces the location, and Ahora adds the time reference, giving the complete meaning: “It should be in your inbox now.”