Hay
“Hay” means “there is” here, introducing the stain as something that exists on the table. It is commonly used in Hay una... or Hay un... to say that something is present. A new example is Hay una taza en la mesa.
una
“Una” means “a” or “one” before “mancha” in Hay una mancha en la mesa. It introduces one feminine-named thing and matches mancha. It is reused in patterns such as una taza or una esponja.
mancha
“Mancha” means “stain” in Hay una mancha en la mesa. It names the mark that the speakers are cleaning. A new example is una mancha pequeña.
en
“En” means “on” in en la mesa, showing where the stain is. It is commonly used before a place or surface, as in en la mesa. A new example is en la taza.
la
“La” means “the” before mesa in en la mesa. It points to the specific table already understood in the situation. It is reused before a feminine-named object, such as la taza.
mesa
“Mesa” means “table” in en la mesa. It identifies the surface where the stain is and which later looks clean. A new example is La mesa está limpia.
Puedo
“Puedo” means “I can” in Puedo verla, expressing the speaker’s ability to see the stain. It is commonly followed by another verb form, as in Puedo verla. A new example is Puedo limpiar la mesa.
verla
“Verla” means “see it” in Puedo verla cerca de la taza, referring to the stain. The form combines ver, “to see,” with la, “it,” attached to the verb form after Puedo. A new example is Puedo verla aquí.
cerca
“Cerca” means “near” in cerca de la taza, locating the stain close to the cup. The reliable pattern is cerca de followed by the thing used as the reference point. A new example is cerca de la mesa.
de
“De” means “of” in the location expression cerca de la taza, linking cerca with the reference point. In cerca de, it helps express nearness to something. A new example is cerca de la puerta.
taza
“Taza” means “cup” in cerca de la taza, the object used to locate the stain. With la, it refers to a specific cup in the scene. A new example is una taza limpia.
Tenemos
“Tenemos” means “we have” in ¿Tenemos una esponja limpia?, asking whether a clean sponge is available. It is commonly followed by the thing that someone has or can use, as in Tenemos una esponja. A new example is Tenemos jabón.
esponja
“Esponja” means “sponge” in una esponja limpia. It names the cleaning tool the speakers look for and then use. A new example is La esponja está aquí.
limpia
“Limpia” means “clean” in una esponja limpia, describing the sponge. It agrees with the feminine-named word esponja in this expression. A new example is una mesa limpia.
está
“Está” means “is located” in La esponja está junto al fregadero, giving the sponge’s location. It is commonly used with a place expression to say where something is. A new example is La taza está en la mesa.
junto
“Junto” means “next to” or “beside” in junto al fregadero. Together with al fregadero, it places the sponge beside the sink. A new example is junto a la mesa.
al
“Al” means “to the” or “by the” in junto al fregadero. It is the fixed combination of a and el, used here before fregadero in the location expression junto al fregadero. A new example is cerca del fregadero.
fregadero
“Fregadero” means “sink” in junto al fregadero, the place beside which the sponge is located. It is used after al in this location expression. A new example is El fregadero está aquí.
Uso
“Uso” means “I use” in ¿Uso un poco de jabón?, where the speaker asks whether to use soap. It is commonly followed by the item being used, as in Uso jabón. A new example is Uso una esponja.
un
“Un” means “a” or “one” before poco in un poco de jabón. The expression un poco de indicates a small amount of something. A new example is un poco de agua.
poco
“Poco” means “a little” in un poco de jabón, referring to a small amount. The reusable pattern is un poco de followed by a substance or other uncounted material. A new example is un poco de agua.
jabón
“Jabón” means “soap” in un poco de jabón. It names the cleaning substance placed on the sponge. A new example is El jabón está junto al fregadero.
Pon
“Pon” means “put” in Pon un poco de jabón en la esponja, giving a direct instruction to place the soap on the sponge. The useful pattern is Pon [thing] en [place or object]. A new example is Pon la taza en la mesa.
casi
“Casi” means “almost” in La mancha casi se ha ido, showing that the stain has nearly disappeared but the change is not presented as complete. It commonly comes before the expression or action that is nearly finished. A new example is casi limpio.
se
“Se” is part of se ha ido and marks the stain’s going away or disappearing in this dialogue. Its meaning is understood together with ha ido, not as a separate translation of the whole expression. A new example is El agua se ha ido.
ha
“Ha” is the auxiliary “has” in se ha ido. Together with ido, it presents the stain as having gone away. A new example is La taza se ha roto.
ido
“Ido” contributes the idea of “gone” in se ha ido, describing the stain as having gone away. It is used together with ha in this expression rather than as a complete statement by itself. A new example is El agua se ha ido.
ve
“Ve” means “looks” or “appears” in La mesa se ve limpia, describing how the table appears after cleaning. The reusable pattern is se ve + description, as in se ve limpia. A new example is La esponja se ve limpia.