J'ai
J'ai means “I have” in J'ai besoin d'aide and J'ai besoin d'eau. It is the form of avoir used with Je here. A useful pattern is J'ai besoin de + the thing needed, as shown by J'ai besoin d'aide and J'ai besoin d'eau. Use it when saying that you need something.
besoin
besoin expresses the idea of a need in J'ai besoin d'aide and J'ai besoin d'eau; the whole expression means “I need help” or “I need water.” It is followed by de plus the thing needed, as in d'aide and d'eau. Use this expression when asking for or describing a basic need.
d'aide
d'aide means “help” in J'ai besoin d'aide. The form begins with d', the shortened form of de before the vowel in aide. The dialogue uses it after besoin in besoin d'aide. Use it when you need assistance.
d'eau
d'eau means “water” in J'ai besoin d'eau. The form begins with d', the shortened form of de before the vowel in eau. The dialogue uses it after besoin in besoin d'eau. Use it when saying that you need water.
Je
Je means “I” and is the subject in Je veux, Je ne l'aime pas, and J'aime. It comes before the verb in these sentences. Use Je + a verb to talk about your own wishes or preferences.
veux
veux means “want” in Je veux celui-ci and Je veux celui-là. It is the form of vouloir used with Je here. It is followed by the selected item in both dialogue lines. Use Je veux + an item when choosing or requesting something.
celui-ci
celui-ci means “this one” in Je veux celui-ci and J'aime celui-ci. The whole expression identifies one nearer item: celui points to the item, and ci marks it as the nearer one. The expression can follow verbs such as Je veux or J'aime when choosing or expressing a preference. Use it when the item you mean is the one close by.
celui-là
celui-là means “that one” in Je veux celui-là. The whole expression identifies one more distant item: celui points to the item, and là marks it as the one over there or farther away. It can follow Je veux when choosing an item. Use it when the item you mean is not the nearer one.
J'aime
J'aime means “I like” in J'aime celui-ci. It is the form of aimer used with Je here. It is followed by the item that is liked, here celui-ci. Use J'aime + an item to express a preference.
ne
ne contributes to the negative meaning in Je ne l'aime pas. It works together with pas around the verb phrase, rather than expressing the complete negation by itself. The dialogue shows the order Je ne l'aime pas. Use this position when saying that you do not like something.
l'aime
l'aime means “like it” in Je ne l'aime pas. Here l' refers to the item, and aime is the form of aimer used with Je; the apostrophe joins l' to aime before a vowel. The item being liked is placed before the verb inside l'aime. Use it when referring to an item already understood in the conversation.
pas
pas completes the negative meaning in Je ne l'aime pas. It works with ne, with the verb phrase between them, to express “do not like.” A common pattern is ne + the verb phrase + pas, as in Je ne l'aime pas. Use it to make this statement negative.