Sur
In "Sur quel quai", "Sur" asks which platform the speakers should go to. It is used before a place or surface, as in "sur le quai" for being on the platform.
quel
In "Sur quel quai", "quel" means "which" and identifies the platform being asked about. It comes directly before the noun, as in "quel train" for "which train".
quai
Here, "quai" means the train platform. You can reuse it with a number or a location, as in "le quai deux" or "près du quai".
devons-nous
In "devons-nous aller", "devons-nous" asks what the speakers should or must do. The form contains "devons" for "we must" with "nous" placed after it in this question pattern; reuse it before an action, as in "Devons-nous attendre ?" as a new example.
aller
Here, "aller" means to go to the platform. It is used after "devons-nous" in the pattern "devons-nous aller"; a new example is "aller à la gare".
Le
In "Le panneau", "Le" means "the" before the singular noun "panneau". It introduces a specific masculine noun, as in "le train" in the same dialogue.
panneau
Here, "panneau" means the sign giving travel information. It can be used with "le" or "ce", as in "ce panneau" in the dialogue.
indique
In "Le panneau indique le quai deux", "indique" says that the sign shows or points to platform two. It can be reused before the information being shown, as in "Le panneau indique la sortie" as a new example.
Je
Here, "Je" means "I" as the person who cannot read or is going somewhere. It normally comes before the verb, as in "Je vais" and "Je ne peux pas lire" in the dialogue.
ne
In "Je ne peux pas lire", "ne" is the first part of the French negation around "peux". With "pas", it forms "ne ... pas" to say that the speaker cannot read; reuse both parts around the verb.
peux
Here, "peux" expresses the speaker's ability in "Je ne peux pas lire". With "ne ... pas", it means the speaker cannot do the following action; a new example is "Je peux attendre".
pas
In "Je ne peux pas lire", "pas" completes the negation with "ne" and makes the statement negative. The reusable pattern is "ne ... pas" around the verb, as in "Je ne comprends pas" as a new example.
lire
Here, "lire" means to read the small letters. It follows "peux" in the pattern "peux lire"; a new example is "lire le panneau".
les
In "les petits caractères", "les" means "the" before the plural noun "caractères". It introduces specific plural things, as in "les sacs" in the dialogue.
petits
Here, "petits" describes the letters as small. It comes before the plural noun "caractères" and matches that noun in this expression.
caractères
In "les petits caractères", "caractères" means the written letters or characters that are difficult to read. It is useful for referring to writing on a sign or display.
d'ici
Here, "d'ici" means "from here" and gives the place from which the speaker cannot read the letters. It can follow an action to show a viewpoint or starting place, as in "Je vois le train d'ici" as a new example.
Il
In "Il dit que", "Il" refers to the sign as something that gives information, translated here as "it". It comes before the verb in the statement "Il dit".
dit
Here, "dit" means "says" in "Il dit que le train part". It can introduce reported information with "que", as in "Le panneau dit que..." as a new example.
que
In "Il dit que le train part", "que" introduces the information being reported. Reuse it after a verb such as "dit" when stating what someone or something says.
train
Here, "train" means the train that leaves in ten minutes. It can be used after an article, as in "le train", or with an action such as "prendre le train" as a new example.
part
In "le train part", "part" means that the train leaves or departs. It is used here as the action of the train, and you can reuse it in a time expression such as "Le train part à huit heures" as a new example.
dans
Here, "dans dix minutes" means that the train leaves ten minutes from now. With a time period, "dans" marks the time until a future event; a new example is "dans une heure".
minutes
In "dans dix minutes", "minutes" names the ten-minute time period before departure. It can be used after a number in time expressions, as in "cinq minutes" as a new example.
vais
Here, "vais" expresses a planned or immediate action in "Je vais aux toilettes" and "Je vais garder les sacs". It is followed by a destination or an action, as in "Je vais attendre" as a new example.
aux
In "Je vais aux toilettes", "aux" means "to the" before "toilettes". It is used here to mark the destination of going; the full destination expression is "aller aux toilettes".
toilettes
Here, "toilettes" means the restroom. The common destination expression in the dialogue is "aller aux toilettes", used when saying you are going to the restroom.
avant
In "avant de monter dans le train", "avant" means "before" and places one action earlier than another. Before an action, it is followed by "de" and an infinitive, as in "avant de partir" as a new example.
de
Here, "de" links "avant" to the action "monter" in the pattern "avant de monter". Reuse "avant de" before an infinitive to say that something happens before an action.
monter
In "monter dans le train", "monter" means to board or get on the train. With a vehicle, it is followed here by "dans" and the vehicle, preserving the pattern "monter dans le train".
garder
Here, "garder" means to keep the bags with oneself. It follows "vais" in "Je vais garder"; a new example is "garder le billet".
sacs
In "garder les sacs", "sacs" means the bags that one person will keep. It is used after the article "les" and after the verb "garder" as its object.
avec
Here, "avec" means "with" and introduces the person who will have the bags. It is followed by a person, as in "avec moi" or "avec vous" as a new example.
moi
In "avec moi", "moi" means "me" after the preposition "avec". This form is used after a preposition to refer to the speaker, as in "pour moi" as a new example.
Reste
Here, "Reste" asks one person to stay near the sign. It is a direct request followed by a place expression, as in "Reste ici" as a new example.
près
In "près de ce panneau", "près" means "near" and describes the location of the person. It is followed by "de" and the place or thing nearby, as in "près de la gare" as a new example.
ce
Here, "ce" means "this" in "ce panneau" and points to the sign near the speakers. It comes directly before the singular noun it identifies.
s'il te plaît
"s'il te plaît" politely marks the request "Reste près de ce panneau". Inside this expression, "s'il" means "if it", "te" refers to "you", and "plaît" means "pleases"; together they form the standard polite request expression. Use it after or at the end of a request to one person, as in "Écoute, s'il te plaît" as a new example.
regarder
Here, "regarder" means to watch or look at the display board. It follows "vais" in "Je vais regarder"; a new example is "regarder le panneau".
tableau
In "regarder le tableau", "tableau" means the station board or display showing travel information. It is used after "le" and can be the object of "regarder".
pour
Here, "pour voir si" introduces the purpose of watching the board: finding out whether the platform changes. It can be followed by an infinitive to express purpose, as in "pour comprendre" as a new example.
voir
In "pour voir si le quai change", "voir" means to see or find out. It follows "pour" in the purpose pattern "pour voir si...", which is used to check whether something is true.
si
Here, "si" introduces the condition or question of whether the platform changes. The pattern "voir si" means to see whether something happens, as in "Je vais voir si le train arrive" as a new example.
change
In "si le quai change", "change" means that the platform changes. It is used after the subject "le quai" and can describe a change in travel information, as in "Le programme change" as a new example.