Pouvez
Pouvez means can or could in the polite request Pouvez-vous parler un peu moins fort ici ? It is a form of pouvoir used before an infinitive; a reusable pattern is Pouvez-vous + an infinitive.
vous
vous means you when addressing one person politely or more than one person. In Pouvez-vous, it is the subject placed after the verb to form the polite question.
parler
parler means to speak or talk in Pouvez-vous parler. It is an infinitive after Pouvez; use parler with a volume expression such as moins fort.
un
un contributes a in un peu, the phrase used for a small amount. Together, un peu means a little and can soften the size or degree of what follows.
peu
peu means little in un peu. Here, un peu makes the requested change small; reuse un peu before an expression describing an amount or degree.
moins
moins means less in parler un peu moins fort, so it asks for reduced speaking volume. A reliable pattern is parler moins followed by a word describing volume; here the expression is moins fort.
fort
fort describes high speaking volume in si fort and moins fort; with parler, it means loudly or loud in this context. The dialogue shows how it can describe volume in parler moins fort and parlais si fort.
ici
ici means here, locating the request at the place where the speakers are. It commonly appears in a short statement to identify the current place.
Je
Je means I and is the subject pronoun used in Je ne savais pas, Je vais baisser la voix, Je peux m'asseoir plus près, and Je parlerai moins fort. Reuse Je + a conjugated verb to state your own action or state.
ne
ne is the first part of the negation in Je ne savais pas. It works together with pas around the verb; in this dialogue, the whole ne ... pas means did not know.
savais
savais means knew or realized in Je ne savais pas que je parlais si fort. It is a form of savoir and is followed here by que to introduce the information the speaker did not know.
pas
pas completes ne in Je ne savais pas, making the clause negative. Learn ne ... pas as a reusable pattern around a conjugated verb; here it means did not know.
que
que means that in Je ne savais pas que je parlais si fort. It links savais to the information je parlais si fort; a clause introduced by que can state what someone knows or does not know.
parlais
parlais means was speaking in Je ne savais pas que je parlais si fort. It is a form of parler used for the speaker's ongoing speaking in the situation, and que introduces this clause.
si
si means so in parlais si fort, intensifying the description of the speaking volume. Reuse si before a describing word or expression when indicating a high degree.
Les
Les means the before the plural group in Les gens étudient à la table voisine. Reuse les before a plural noun phrase when referring to specific people or things.
gens
gens means people in Les gens étudient à la table voisine. It is the group doing the studying; reuse gens when referring to people generally.
étudient
étudient means are studying in Les gens étudient à la table voisine. It is a form of étudier and follows Les gens as the verb; reuse a subject plus étudier when talking about study activity.
à
à means at in à la table voisine, locating the people at the neighboring table. The same form also introduces the infinitive in continuer à travailler and appears in à partir de maintenant, so it is best learned with each surrounding expression.
la
la means the before table in à la table voisine. It is the singular article used with this noun phrase; reuse la before a singular noun.
table
table means table in à la table voisine. Together with à and la, it identifies where people are studying; reuse table when naming a table as a place.
voisine
voisine means neighboring or next in à la table voisine, specifying the table next to the speakers. It describes table in this noun phrase and helps identify which table is meant.
vais
vais means am going to in Je vais baisser la voix. It is a form of aller followed by an infinitive, expressing an intended or imminent action; reuse Je vais + an infinitive for a planned action.
baisser
baisser means lower in Je vais baisser la voix. It is the infinitive after vais, and baisser la voix is the complete expression for lowering one's voice; reuse baisser with something whose level or volume changes.
voix
voix means voice in baisser la voix. In this dialogue, baisser la voix means to reduce speaking volume; reuse la voix when referring to someone's voice.
Ce
Ce is the subject form in Ce sera plus facile pour tout le monde de se concentrer, referring to the situation just described. It appears before sera; reuse Ce sera + a describing word to describe a future situation.
sera
sera means will be in Ce sera plus facile pour tout le monde de se concentrer. It is a form of être used after Ce to describe a future result; reuse Ce sera with a describing word.
plus
plus means more in plus facile, making the meaning easier rather than simply easy. Reuse plus before a describing word to express a higher degree.
facile
facile means easy in plus facile. With plus, it describes the result as easier for everyone to focus; reuse facile after être when describing something as easy.
pour
pour means for in plus facile pour tout le monde. It identifies the people who benefit from the easier situation; reuse pour + a person or group to show who something is for.
tout le monde
tout le monde means everyone in plus facile pour tout le monde de se concentrer. Tout contributes all or whole, le contributes the, and monde means world; together, this expression refers to all people. Reuse pour tout le monde when saying something is for everyone.
de
de appears before se concentrer in plus facile pour tout le monde de se concentrer, completing the pattern meaning easier to focus. It also appears inside à partir de maintenant, where it connects the starting point with maintenant; learn each use with its surrounding expression.
se
se is the reflexive part of se concentrer in plus facile pour tout le monde de se concentrer. Together, se concentrer means to focus or concentrate, with the subject directing attention toward the activity.
concentrer
concentrer contributes the idea of focusing in se concentrer. The full expression de se concentrer means to focus here, and it follows facile in plus facile pour tout le monde de se concentrer; reuse se concentrer for the act of focusing.
peux
peux means can in Je peux m'asseoir plus près. It is a form of pouvoir followed by an infinitive, expressing ability or possibility; reuse Je peux + an infinitive.
m'asseoir
m'asseoir means to sit in Je peux m'asseoir plus près. It is the first-person form of the infinitive s'asseoir, with m' referring to the speaker; reuse Je peux m'asseoir with a place or distance expression.
près
près means near or close in plus près, meaning closer here. It is modified by plus to compare distance; a reusable pattern is près de + a place or person.
et
et means and, joining the proposal to sit closer with the resulting ability to speak less loudly. It commonly links two words, phrases, or clauses.
nous
nous means we in nous pourrons and nous pouvons. It is the subject of the shared action; reuse nous + a conjugated verb for an action involving the speaker and others.
pourrons
pourrons means will be able to in nous pourrons parler moins fort. It is a future form of pouvoir followed by parler, expressing a future possibility or ability; reuse nous pourrons + an infinitive.
Alors
Alors means then in Alors, nous pouvons continuer à travailler, marking the consequence of the previous suggestion. It can introduce what happens next in a conversation.
pouvons
pouvons means can or are able to in nous pouvons continuer à travailler. It is a form of pouvoir followed by an infinitive; reuse nous pouvons + an infinitive for a current possibility or ability.
continuer
continuer means continue or keep doing in continuer à travailler. Here it is followed by à travailler, so the whole phrase means keep working; reuse continuer à + an infinitive.
travailler
travailler means work in continuer à travailler. It is the infinitive after continuer à and names the activity that continues; reuse travailler when referring to doing one's work.
sans
sans means without in sans déranger personne. It is followed here by an infinitive, expressing that one action happens without causing another effect; reuse sans + an infinitive.
déranger
déranger means bother or disturb in sans déranger personne. It is the infinitive after sans and names the unwanted effect on other people; reuse sans déranger when describing how to avoid disturbance.
personne
personne means anyone in sans déranger personne. After sans, it refers to no person being bothered in the meaning of the whole phrase; reuse sans + a verb + personne to say that nobody is affected.
parlerai
parlerai means will speak in Je parlerai moins fort, where it expresses the speaker's promise to speak more quietly. It is a future form of parler; reuse Je parlerai with a manner or volume expression.
à partir de maintenant
à partir de maintenant means from now on in Je parlerai moins fort à partir de maintenant. À marks the starting point, partir contributes the idea of starting, de links that point with maintenant, and maintenant means now. Reuse this time expression to state when a new habit begins, often at the end of a sentence.