J'ai
“J'ai” combines je and ai; here, in “J'ai commencé à faire du jogging”, it helps express that I started. The citation form of ai is avoir, used here with commencé.
commencé
“commencé” means started in “J'ai commencé à faire du jogging”. It is the form of commencer used for the completed beginning of this activity, and commencer à + an infinitive is a reusable pattern.
à
In “J'ai commencé à faire du jogging”, “à” introduces the activity that was started. The reusable pattern is commencer à + an infinitive.
faire
“faire” means to do or practise in “faire du jogging”. It is the infinitive used after commencer à, and faire du + activity is a common way to describe practising an activity.
du
In “faire du jogging”, “du” introduces jogging as an activity. It is used in the reusable pattern faire du + activity.
jogging
“jogging” names the activity being practised in “faire du jogging”. In this dialogue, it refers to running as a regular leisure activity, and it follows faire du.
après
“après” means after in “après le travail”. It is placed before the noun phrase that gives the later time, so après + time or event is a useful pattern.
le
In “le travail”, “le” introduces the specific noun meaning work. It comes directly before travail in the time expression après le travail.
travail
“travail” means work in “après le travail”. The full expression identifies the time when the jogging began, and travail can follow le in this expression.
Comment
“Comment” means how in “Comment ça se passe pour l'instant ?”. It asks about the way or state of an ongoing situation, often at the beginning of a question.
ça
“ça” refers to the situation being discussed in “Comment ça se passe pour l'instant ?”. With se passe, it is part of the expression ça se passe, used to ask how something is going.
se
“se” is the pronoun used with passe in “ça se passe”. Together, ça se passe asks how the situation is going, and the pattern comment ça se passe is useful for asking about progress.
passe
“passe” means goes or happens in “Comment ça se passe pour l'instant ?”. It is the form of passer used in the expression ça se passe, which asks how a situation is progressing.
pour
“pour” means for in “pour l'instant”, giving the time period considered. The reusable expression pour l'instant refers to the present period or the situation so far.
l'instant
“l'instant” means the moment in “pour l'instant”, so the expression means for now or so far. The apostrophe shows the shortened form before the vowel sound in instant.
Mon
“Mon” means my in “Mon rythme est lent”. It identifies the pace as belonging to the speaker and comes directly before the noun rythme.
rythme
“rythme” means pace in “Mon rythme est lent”. Here it refers to the speed of the speaker’s jogging, and it can be used with an adjective to describe that pace.
est
“est” means is in “Mon rythme est lent”. It links the subject Mon rythme with the description lent; est is the form of être used here.
lent
“lent” means slow in “Mon rythme est lent”. It describes the pace, and the pattern subject + est + adjective is used to give this kind of description.
mais
“mais” means but in “Mon rythme est lent, mais je progresse”. It introduces a contrasting or balancing point: the pace is slow, yet progress is being made.
je
“je” and “Je” are the same pronoun meaning I; both forms appear in this dialogue as “je progresse” and “Je cours”. It is placed before the verb when the speaker describes their own action or state.
progresse
“progresse” means am improving or am making progress in “je progresse”. It is the form of progresser used with je, and je progresse can describe improvement in a skill or activity.
Est-ce que
“Est-ce que” introduces the question “Est-ce que tu as un parcours régulier ?”. “Est-ce” begins the question marker and “que” completes it before the subject tu; together they allow the following statement order to function as a question.
tu
“tu” means you in “Est-ce que tu as un parcours régulier ?” and “veux-tu atteindre”. It addresses one person directly and appears before as in the first question and after veux in the inverted question.
as
“as” means have in “tu as un parcours régulier”. It is the form of avoir used with tu, and tu as + noun is a common way to ask whether someone has something.
un
“un” means a or one in “un parcours régulier”. It introduces parcours as one route, and un + noun is the pattern used here.
parcours
“parcours” means route or course in “un parcours régulier”. Here it refers to the route used for running, and it can be described by an adjective such as régulier.
régulier
“régulier” means regular in “un parcours régulier”. It describes a route that is used repeatedly or follows a consistent pattern, and it comes after the noun parcours here.
cours
“cours” means run in “Je cours généralement autour du parc”. It is the form of courir used with je, and je cours + place or time phrase is a useful pattern.
généralement
“généralement” means usually or generally in “Je cours généralement autour du parc”. It indicates that this is the speaker’s usual pattern rather than a single exceptional run, and it commonly appears near the verb.
autour
“autour” means around in “autour du parc”. It is used with de to introduce the place being circled, and autour de + place is a reusable pattern.
parc
“parc” means park in “autour du parc”. It is the place around which the speaker runs, and it follows du in this expression.
Quel
“Quel” means what or which in “Quel objectif veux-tu atteindre ?”. It comes before the noun objectif to ask the listener to identify a particular goal.
objectif
“objectif” means goal in “Quel objectif veux-tu atteindre ?”. It names the result the listener wants to reach, and quel + noun is used to ask which goal.
veux
“veux” means want in “veux-tu atteindre”. It is the form of vouloir used with tu; in the inverted form veux-tu, the verb comes before the subject pronoun.
atteindre
“atteindre” means to reach or achieve in “Quel objectif veux-tu atteindre ?”. It is the infinitive after veux-tu and takes the goal as its object, as in atteindre un objectif.
sans
“sans” means without in “sans m'arrêter”. It introduces what is absent from the action, and sans + infinitive is a reusable pattern for saying that an action is done without doing something else.
m'arrêter
“m'arrêter” means stopping in “sans m'arrêter”, referring to stopping oneself while jogging. The pronoun m' comes before the infinitive arrêter, and sans m'arrêter describes continuing without stopping.
C'est
“C'est” means it is or that is in “C'est réaliste”. It combines ce and est and introduces the speaker’s assessment of the goal or plan.
réaliste
“réaliste” means realistic in “C'est réaliste”. It evaluates the goal as possible or reasonable, and C'est + adjective is a common pattern for giving an assessment.
si
“si” means if in “si tu y vas progressivement”. It introduces the condition under which the goal is considered realistic, followed by the condition clause.
y
“y” is the pronoun in “si tu y vas progressivement”, referring to going about the activity or process being discussed. With vas, it forms the reusable expression y aller, which describes how someone approaches something.
vas
“vas” means go in “si tu y vas progressivement”. It is the form of aller used with tu and appears with y in the expression y vas, referring to the way the person proceeds.
progressivement
“progressivement” means gradually in “si tu y vas progressivement”. It explains that the activity should be approached step by step, and it can be placed after a verb to describe gradual progress.