About This Lesson
Use Getting Ready for Cold Weather to practice Japanese conversation, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and quizzes.
Dialogue
A
外は寒いです。
SOH-toh wah sah-MOO-ee dess. It feels cold outside.
B
マフラーを着けてください。
mah-FOO-rah oh TSOO-keh-teh koo-dah-SAI. Wear your scarf.
A
手袋も必要ですか？
teh-boo-KOO-roh moh hee-tsoo-YOH dess kah. Do I need gloves too?
B
手袋が手を暖かくします。
teh-boo-KOO-roh gah teh oh ah-tah-tah-KAH-koo shee-MAHS. They'll keep your hands warm.
A
私の手袋はどこですか？
wah-TAH-shee noh teh-boo-KOO-roh wah DOH-koh dess kah. Where are my gloves?
B
コートの隣にあります。
KOH-toh noh toh-NAH-ree nee ah-ree-MAHS. They're next to your coat.
A
出かける前に、手袋を着けます。
deh-kah-KEH-roo MAH-eh nee, teh-boo-KOO-roh oh tsoo-keh-MAHS. I'll put them on before I go.
B
それで、寒い外へ行く準備ができます。
soh-reh-DEH, sah-MOO-ee SOH-toh-eh EE-koo JOON-bee gah deh-kee-MAHS. Then you'll be ready for the cold.Word by Word
外
In 「外は寒いです。」, 「外」 means outside, the place being discussed. A useful reuse pattern is 「外は…」 when describing conditions outside.
は
In 「外は寒いです。」, 「は」 marks 「外」 as the topic, meaning the sentence is about outside. It is commonly used in the pattern 「Xは…」 to introduce what you are describing.
寒い
In 「外は寒いです。」, 「寒い」 means cold and describes the outside temperature. It can be reused in the pattern 「Xは寒いです」 when saying that a place or situation is cold.
です
In 「寒いです。」, 「です」 gives the statement a polite ending. It is useful for making a polite description or statement in everyday conversation.
マフラー
In 「マフラーを着けてください。」, 「マフラー」 means scarf. It is used here as the thing the listener is asked to wear, and it can be reused with 「を着ける」 when talking about wearing a scarf.
を
In 「マフラーを着けてください。」, 「を」 marks 「マフラー」 as the object of wearing. A useful reuse pattern is 「Xを着ける」 for putting on or wearing an item.
着けて
In 「着けてください。」, 「着けて」 means put on or wear and connects the action to the request. The whole expression 「着けてください」 means please put it on or wear it, and the same pattern can be used with another item as the object.
ください
In 「着けてください。」, 「ください」 completes a polite request, meaning please. It is commonly used after a verb in this request pattern, as in 「Xてください」.
手袋
In 「手袋も必要ですか？」 and 「手袋が手を暖かくします。」, 「手袋」 means gloves. Here it refers to the gloves needed for cold weather and later identifies them as what keeps the hands warm.
も
In 「手袋も必要ですか？」, 「も」 means also or too, adding gloves to the things that may be needed. It can be reused after a noun when including an additional item or person.
必要
In 「手袋も必要ですか？」, 「必要」 expresses that gloves are needed. A common reuse pattern is 「Xが必要です」 for saying that something is necessary.
か
At the end of 「必要ですか？」, 「か」 marks the sentence as a question. It is used at the end of a polite question to ask whether the statement is true or applies.
が
In 「手袋が手を暖かくします。」, 「が」 marks 「手袋」 as the thing performing the action of making the hands warm. It can be reused in a pattern where a subject causes or does something to another part of the sentence.
手
In 「手を暖かくします。」, 「手」 means hands. Here it is the body part affected by the gloves, and it appears with 「を」 as the object of the action.
暖かく
In 「手を暖かくします。」, 「暖かく」 means warm and describes the result for the hands. Its form connects the idea of becoming warm with 「します」 in the expression meaning make the hands warm.
します
In 「手袋が手を暖かくします。」, 「します」 means makes or causes, so the gloves make the hands warm. This is the polite form of 「する」 and can be reused when describing what something does or causes.
私
In 「私の手袋はどこですか？」, 「私」 refers to the speaker, and together with 「の」 it contributes to the meaning my. The pattern 「私のX」 is used for something belonging to or associated with the speaker.
の
In 「私の手袋」 and 「コートの隣」, 「の」 links one noun to another. It shows a relationship such as possession in 「私の手袋」 or the reference point in the location 「コートの隣」.
どこ
In 「私の手袋はどこですか？」, 「どこ」 means where and asks for the location of the gloves. It can be reused in a polite location question such as 「Xはどこですか？」.
コート
In 「コートの隣にあります。」, 「コート」 means coat. It is the reference item used to say where the gloves are located.
隣
In 「コートの隣にあります。」, 「隣」 means next to or beside. Together with 「コートの」, it identifies the place beside the coat, and the pattern 「Xの隣」 can be reused for another reference item.
に
In 「コートの隣にあります。」, 「に」 marks the location where the gloves are. A useful reuse pattern is 「Xにあります」 when saying that an inanimate thing is located somewhere.
あります
In 「コートの隣にあります。」, 「あります」 says that the gloves are located there. It is the polite form of 「ある」 and is used for the existence or location of an inanimate thing.
出かける
In 「出かける前に、手袋を着けます。」, 「出かける」 means go out. It appears before 「前に」 to specify the action that will happen after the gloves are put on.
前
In 「出かける前に、手袋を着けます。」, 「前」 means before. The whole pattern 「出かける前に」 means before going out, and 「X前に」 can be reused to place an action before another event.
着けます
In 「手袋を着けます。」, 「着けます」 means put on or wear and politely states the speaker's planned action in this conversation. It is the polite form of 「着ける」 and can be reused in the pattern 「Xを着けます」 with the item being worn.
それで
In 「それで、寒い外へ行く準備ができます。」, 「それで」 means then or so, linking the earlier action with its result. It can be reused to introduce an outcome that follows from what was just said.
へ
In 「寒い外へ行く準備ができます。」, 「へ」 marks the direction toward the cold outside. A common reuse pattern is 「場所へ行く」 when saying that someone goes toward a place.
行く
In 「寒い外へ行く準備ができます。」, 「行く」 means go and describes going outside. It appears after 「外へ」 and before 「準備」 to specify what the preparation is for.
準備
In 「寒い外へ行く準備ができます。」, 「準備」 means preparation or getting ready. Here it is the preparation for going outside, and the pattern 「Xの準備」 can be reused for preparing for an activity.
できます
In 「準備ができます。」, 「できます」 says that the preparation can be made or becomes possible, so the speaker will be ready to go outside. A useful reuse pattern is 「Xができます」 when something becomes possible or is completed.
Grammar Points
私の + noun
私のコート
wah-TAH-shee noh KOH-tohmy coat
の connects a possessor to a noun and often means “my,” “your,” or “the person’s.”
verb + noun
出かける準備
deh-kah-KEH-roo JOON-beepreparation for going out
A verb in its plain form can come before a noun to describe or specify that noun.
Japanese Vocabulary
コート
noun
KOH-toh
coat
どこ
pron
DOH-koh
where
マフラー
noun
mah-FOO-rah
scarf
外
noun
SOH-toh
outside
寒い
adj
sah-MOO-ee
cold
寒いです
私
pron
wah-TAH-shee
I; my
私の
手
noun
teh
hand
手袋
noun
teh-boo-KOO-roh
gloves
暖かい
adj
ah-tah-tah-KAI
warm
暖かく
着ける
verb
TSOO-keh-roo
to put on; to wear
着けて
必要
adj
hee-tsoo-YOH
necessary; need
必要ですか
隣
noun
toh-NAH-ree
next to; beside
Quiz
Spelling
Tap the letters to spell the word.
scarf
Show Answer
マフラーgloves
Show Answer
手袋to put on; to wear
Show Answer
着けてI; my