どこ
In どこに座りましょうか。, どこ asks where the speakers should sit. It is used to ask about a place.
に
In どこに座りましょうか。, に marks the place where the speakers will sit. It commonly follows a place expression to show where an action happens or where something goes.
座りましょう
In どこに座りましょうか。 and このテーブルの席に座りましょう。, 座りましょう invites the speakers to sit together. It is the polite volitional form related to the citation form 座る.
か
At the end of どこに座りましょうか。, か marks the sentence as a question. It turns the suggestion into a polite question about where to sit.
隅
In 隅のテーブル, 隅 means corner, identifying the table located in a corner. It can come before の to describe a related noun.
の
In 隅のテーブル, の links 隅 with テーブル, giving the meaning “corner table.” It also links nouns in 私たちのバッグ.
テーブル
テーブル means table in the dialogue, as in 隅のテーブル and このテーブル. It can be followed by の when referring to a seat connected with it, as in このテーブルの席.
は
In 隅のテーブルは静かな場所にあります。, は marks 隅のテーブル as the topic of the statement. It also marks the table being discussed in このテーブルは私にはちょうどいいです.
静かな
In 静かな場所, 静かな describes the place as quiet. This form comes before a noun when describing it.
場所
In 静かな場所, 場所 means a place or spot. Here it identifies the quiet area where the corner table is located.
あります
In 隅のテーブルは静かな場所にあります。, あります says that the table is located in a quiet place. It is the polite form related to the citation form ある and is used here for the existence or location of a thing.
この
In このテーブル, この means this and points to the table near or relevant to the speakers. It comes directly before the noun it identifies.
も
In このテーブルも、明るい光があっていいですね。, も means also or too. It adds this table to the other table or option already being considered.
明るい
In 明るい光, 明るい describes the light as bright. It is placed before 光 to describe its quality.
光
In 明るい光があっていいですね。, 光 means light. Here it is the light that makes the table seem suitable.
が
In 明るい光があっていいですね。, が marks 明るい光 as the thing that is present. It is used when stating that the light exists or is available.
あって
In 明るい光があっていいですね。, あって expresses that the bright light is present and connects that fact with the evaluation いいです. It is the connecting form related to the citation form ある.
いい
In 明るい光があっていいですね。 and 読書にいいです。, いい evaluates the light or table as good or suitable. The pattern 読書にいい describes something as suitable for reading.
です
In 読書にいいです。, です makes the statement polite. It follows the evaluation that the table is suitable for reading.
ね
At the end of 明るい光があっていいですね。, ね adds a gentle tone and invites agreement. It is useful when sharing an evaluation with another person.
ほう
In このテーブルのほうが読書にいいです。, ほう identifies this table as the side or option that is better for reading. The pattern Xのほうが is used when saying that one option is preferable.
読書
In 読書にいいです, 読書 means reading. With に, it shows the activity for which the table is suitable.
いす
いす means chair in このいすは座りやすいですか。 and このいすは私にはちょうどいいです。 Here the speakers are evaluating whether the chairs are comfortable.
座りやすい
In このいすは座りやすいですか。, 座りやすい describes the chairs as easy or comfortable to sit on. It is used before ですか to ask about that quality.
私
In このいすは私にはちょうどいいです。, 私 identifies the speaker as the person for whom the chairs feel just right. Together with には, it gives the perspective “for me.”
ちょうど
In 私にはちょうどいいです。, ちょうど means just right. It strengthens いい by showing that the chairs suit the speaker particularly well.
席
In このテーブルの席に座りましょう。, 席 means seat. It identifies the seat associated with this table.
私たち
In 私たちのバッグ, 私たち means we or us and identifies the owners of the bags. With の, it gives the meaning “our bags.”
バッグ
In 私たちのバッグをその下に置きます。, バッグ means bag. It is the thing that the speaker plans to place under the table.
を
In 私たちのバッグをその下に置きます。, を marks 私たちのバッグ as the direct object of 置きます. It shows what will be placed.
その
In その下, その points to the relevant table already being discussed. It comes before 下 to identify the place beneath that table.
下
In その下に置きます, 下 means under or below. With に, it marks the location where the bags will be placed.
置きます
In 私たちのバッグをその下に置きます。, 置きます means put or place and describes the speaker’s action with the bags. It is the polite form related to the citation form 置く.