Choosing Clothes for Changing Weather | Learn Japanese in English

Sentence explanations

1. 今週は天気が変わり続けています。

   The weather keeps changing this week.

   今週

   this week

   天気

   weather

   変わり続けています

   keeps changing

   More detail

   今週 means “this week”: 今 means “now/current,” and 週 means “week.” It identifies the time period in which the change is happening. Example: 今週は忙しいです。= “I’m busy this week.” は marks 今週 as the topic. In this sentence, the pattern 今週は ... means “As for this week, ...” or more naturally, “This week, ...”. The topic marker is written は but pronounced wa. 天気 means “weather.” It is a noun referring to weather conditions. Example: 天気がいいです。= “The weather is good.” Here, 天気 is marked by が because it is the thing undergoing the change described next. 変わり続けています says that the weather keeps changing. The useful base verb is 変わる, “to change.” Its form 変わり is the connecting form used before 続ける. 続ける means “to continue,” and after another verb it creates the pattern verb-ます stem + 続ける, meaning “continue doing that verb.” Thus 変わり続ける means “continue changing.” The ending ています is the polite form of the ている pattern. With 続ける here, it presents the continuing situation as ongoing now: 変わり続けています = “is continuing to change” or “keeps changing.” Example: 雨が降り続けています。= “The rain continues to fall.” Together, 今週は sets this week as the time frame, 天気が identifies the weather as what changes, and 変わり続けています describes an ongoing sequence of changes. The whole utterance means: “The weather keeps changing this week.”

2. 日中に調整できるように、重ね着をしてください。

   Wear layers so you can adjust during the day.

   日中に

   during the day

   調整できる

   can adjust

   ように

   so that

   重ね着

   wearing layers

   してください

   please do

   More detail

   日中に means “during the day.” 日中 refers to the daytime, and に marks the time when something takes place. Example: 日中に電話します。 — “I’ll call during the day.” 調整できる means “can adjust.” Its base expression is 調整する (“to adjust”); because this is a する-verb, its potential form is 調整できる, expressing that the adjustment is possible. In this utterance, the intended actor is the person being addressed, and the thing to be adjusted is understood from the situation. Example: 温度を調整できます。 — “I can adjust the temperature.” ように connects a desired condition or result with an action taken to achieve it. Here, 調整できるように means “so that you can adjust [it].” It can follow a potential form, as in 見えるように、明かりをつけてください。 — “Please turn on the light so that it can be seen.” 重ね着 means “wearing clothes in layers” or “layered clothing.” It is also used with する in 重ね着する, “to wear layers.” The noun is the object marked by を in this utterance. Example: 冬は重ね着します。 — “In winter, I wear layers.” してください is a polite request meaning “please do [it].” It consists of して, the て-form of する, followed by ください, which makes a polite request. With 重ね着を, the full pattern 重ね着をしてください means “please wear layers.” Example: ここで待ってください。 — “Please wait here.” Together, 日中に調整できるように gives the purpose “so that you can adjust during the day,” 重ね着を identifies wearing layers as the requested action, and してください makes that action a polite request. The whole utterance means: “Wear layers so you can adjust during the day.”

3. 暖かいジャケットも持って行ったほうがいいですか。

   Should I bring a warm jacket too?

   暖かい

   warm

   ジャケット

   jacket

   も

   too; also

   持って行ったほうがいいですか

   Should I bring ...?

   More detail

   暖かい means “warm” here. It is an i-adjective: the form used before a noun is 暖かい, as in 暖かいジャケット (“a warm jacket”). Its opposite is 寒い (“cold”). Example: 暖かい部屋です。 — “It is a warm room.” ジャケット is the noun “jacket,” written in katakana. The noun itself does not show the adjective relationship; 暖かい modifies it directly before it. も adds “too” or “also.” Here it says that a jacket is an additional thing the speaker may bring, alongside the other clothing under discussion. It follows the noun or noun phrase it marks: ジャケットも means “a jacket too.” 持って行ったほうがいいですか is a polite question using the reusable pattern V-たほうがいいですか — “Should I V?” or “Would it be better to V?” 持って行く means “take/bring something along.” Its て-form is 持って行って; before ほうがいい, the observed form is the past-looking 持って行った. In this pattern, that form presents the action as the preferable choice; it does not mean that the bringing has already happened. ですか makes the question polite. Example: 傘を持って行ったほうがいいですか。 — “Should I take an umbrella?” Putting the parts together, 暖かいジャケット is “a warm jacket,” も adds it as another item, and 持って行ったほうがいいですか asks whether bringing it would be the better choice. The complete meaning is: “Should I bring a warm jacket too?”

4. 朝のために一着持って行ってください。

   Bring one for the morning.

   朝

   morning

   のために

   for; for the purpose of

   一着

   one garment

   持って行ってください

   please bring it

   More detail

   朝 means “morning.” It is a noun and can be placed before のために to identify the time or purpose relevant to the request. Example: 朝に食べます。 — “I eat in the morning.” のために means “for” or “for the purpose of.” Here it marks the intended time-related purpose: the garment is meant for the morning. The pattern Nのために can express something being intended for N, while NのためのN places the intended thing directly before the noun it describes. 一着 means “one garment.” 一 expresses the number one, and 着 is the counter used for clothing and other wearable items. The counter changes with the number: 二着 means “two garments.” This explicitly states a count of one in this sentence; it is not merely an indefinite article. 持って行ってください is a polite request meaning “please bring it” in the fixed translation. The base expression is 持って行く, literally “carry and go,” used for taking or carrying something to another place. 持って is the connective form of 持つ (“hold” or “carry”), and 行って is the connective form of 行く (“go”). Adding ください after this form makes a polite request: V-てください means “please V.” In this utterance, the object is understood from the context rather than stated inside this phrase. Together, 朝のために marks the intended use, 一着 gives the number and clothing counter, and 持って行ってください makes the polite request. The whole utterance therefore means: “Bring one for the morning.”

5. 暖かくなったら、後で持ち歩いてください。

   Then carry it later if it gets warmer.

   暖かく

   warm

   なったら

   if/when it becomes

   後で

   later

   持ち歩いてください

   please carry it around

   More detail

   暖かく is the connecting form of the adjective 暖かい (“warm”). It expresses “warm” while linking to a following verb; with なる (“become”), the combination 暖かくなる means “become warm.” In this sentence, the fixed translation conveys that as “get warmer.” For example, 部屋が暖かくなる means “The room becomes warm.” なったら is the conditional form of なる (“become”), meaning “if/when it becomes.” More specifically, なった is the past form of なる, and -たら creates a condition or time relation. Thus, 暖かくなったら means “if/when it gets warmer.” The Japanese clause does not specify what becomes warm. 後で means “later” or “afterward” and specifies when the request is to be carried out. For example, 後で電話します means “I’ll call later.” 持ち歩いてください contains the verb 持ち歩く, “carry around” or “keep carrying with you,” in its て-form, 持ち歩いて, followed by ください, which makes a polite request. The object is omitted in the Japanese sentence; the fixed translation renders it with the pronoun “it” but does not specify a noun. For example, この本を持ち歩いてください means “Please carry this book around.” Together, 暖かくなったら gives the condition, 後で gives the time, and 持ち歩いてください gives the polite request. The whole utterance means: “Then carry it later if it gets warmer.”

6. 歩きやすい靴も必要です。

   I also need shoes that are easy to walk in.

   歩きやすい

   easy to walk in

   靴

   shoes

   も必要です

   also need

   More detail

   歩きやすい means “easy to walk in” here. It combines 歩く (“to walk”) with やすい, which expresses that an action is easy to do. The form 歩き is the stem used before やすい; this is not the ordinary polite form of 歩く. Pattern: verb stem + やすい. Example: この靴は歩きやすい。— “These shoes are easy to walk in.” 靴 means “shoes.” The word can refer to footwear generally; the sentence does not need to specify the number of shoes. In this utterance, 歩きやすい modifies it, giving “shoes that are easy to walk in.” も必要です expresses “also need” in this sentence. も marks the item as additional, while 必要です is the polite form of “be necessary” or “need.” The omitted subject is understood as the speaker through the fixed translation, so the meaning is “I also need …” rather than a claim about a newly specified person. Example: 水も必要です。— “I also need water.” Together, 歩きやすい靴 means “shoes that are easy to walk in,” and も必要です adds that these shoes are also needed. The complete utterance therefore means: “I also need shoes that are easy to walk in.”

7. 道がぬれている場合に備えて、滑りにくい軽い靴を選んでください。

   Choose a light pair with a solid grip in case the paths are wet.

   道

   path; road

   ぬれている

   is wet

   場合に備えて

   in case

   滑りにくい

   not prone to slipping

   軽い

   lightweight

   靴

   shoes

   選んでください

   please choose

   More detail

   道 means a path or road; here the fixed translation supports “paths.” The noun itself does not show whether there is one path or more than one. Example: 道を歩きます。— “I walk along the road.” ぬれている describes the state of being wet. Its base verb is ぬれる, “to become wet”; ぬれている uses the て-form with いる to present the resulting state as current. Example: 服がぬれています。— “The clothes are wet.” 場合に備えて is a reusable pattern meaning “in preparation for the case that …” or “in case ….” 場合 means “case” or “situation,” and に備えて expresses preparing for it. Example: 雨の場合に備えて、傘を持っていきます。— “I will take an umbrella in case of rain.” 滑りにくい means that slipping is difficult or unlikely with the item. It is built from the verb 滑る, “to slip,” and にくい, “difficult to …”; the pattern verb stem + にくい is useful for describing something that is difficult to do. Its contrasting pattern is 滑りやすい, “easy or likely to slip.” Here it modifies 靴, so it describes footwear with a less slippery grip. Example: この床は滑りにくいです。— “This floor is not very slippery.” 軽い means “light” in weight here. Its base form is also 軽い; in this sentence it modifies 靴. The contrasting adjective is 重い, “heavy.” Example: このかばんは軽いです。— “This bag is light.” 靴 means shoes or footwear. Japanese commonly uses this form without marking whether the footwear is one item or more than one, so the noun itself does not assert a numeric count. Example: 靴を脱ぎます。— “I take off my shoes.” 選んでください is a polite request meaning “please choose.” The lexical verb is 選ぶ, “to choose”; 選んで is its て-form, followed by ください to make a polite request. Example: 好きな色を選んでください。— “Please choose the color you like.” The first part, 道がぬれている場合に備えて, identifies the condition being prepared for: the paths being wet. The noun phrase 滑りにくい軽い靴 combines two descriptions of 靴: footwear that is less likely to cause slipping and footwear that is light. The final request, 選んでください, asks the listener to choose that kind of footwear. Together, the utterance means: “Choose light shoes with a solid grip in case the paths are wet.”

8. 午後に暖かくなれば、それで大丈夫そうです。

   That should work if the afternoon warms up.

   午後

   afternoon

   暖かくなれば

   if it becomes warm

   それで

   with that; in that case

   大丈夫そうです

   seems likely to be fine

   More detail

   午後 means “afternoon,” a time noun. In this sentence it sets the time when the change is expected: 午後に means “in the afternoon,” with に marking the relevant time. 暖かくなれば describes the condition “if it becomes warm.” The base adjective is 暖かい (“warm”). Before なる (“become”), it appears as 暖かく; 暖かくなる therefore means “become warm.” The ending -ば forms a conditional: 暖かくなれば = “if/when it becomes warm.” This is a condition, not a command or a statement that the warming has already happened. それで refers to the situation or result just described and means “with that” or “in that case.” Here it connects the condition of the afternoon becoming warm to the assessment that follows. The で in this form helps express the means or situation in which something is acceptable; it is not the time marker used in 午後に. 大丈夫そうです means “seems likely to be fine” here. 大丈夫 expresses that something is all right, workable, or sufficient in the relevant situation. そう after this type of word presents an appearance or prediction based on the available situation, and です makes the statement polite. Thus 大丈夫そうです is an assessment such as “it looks fine” or “that should work,” rather than a categorical guarantee. Together, 午後に暖かくなれば sets the condition “if it becomes warm in the afternoon.” それで treats that condition as the relevant situation, and 大丈夫そうです assesses the plan or arrangement as likely to work. The whole utterance means: “That should work if the afternoon warms up.”

9. そうすれば、重く感じずにジャケットを持ち歩けます。

   Then you can carry the jacket without feeling weighed down.

   そうすれば

   then / if you do so

   重く

   heavily; in a way that feels heavy

   感じずに

   without feeling

   ジャケット

   jacket

   持ち歩けます

   can carry around

   More detail

   そうすれば means “if you do so” or “then, if that is done.” そう refers to the action or arrangement established by the preceding context, while すれば is the conditional form of する (“do”). Together, this is a reusable way to connect a preceding action with its result. 重く comes from the adjective 重い (“heavy”). The -く form lets the adjective modify the following verb, so here it describes feeling something as heavy: 重く感じる = “feel it to be heavy.” This is different from 重い, which can directly describe a noun: 重いジャケット = “a heavy jacket.” 感じずに is based on the verb 感じる (“feel”). ずに expresses doing something without doing the verb before it; 感じずに therefore means “without feeling.” This form is somewhat formal or literary; the more conversational alternative is 感じないで. ジャケット is the noun “jacket,” written in Japanese using katakana as a loanword. 持ち歩けます means “can carry around.” It is the polite form of the potential form 持ち歩ける, from 持ち歩く (“carry around,” literally “carry while moving about”). The potential form expresses ability or possibility, and ます makes the statement polite. For example, このバッグは肩にかけて持ち歩けます。 means “You can carry this bag over your shoulder.” The sentence combines these parts as follows: そうすれば sets the condition, 重く感じずに says that the action is done without experiencing the jacket as heavy, and ジャケットを持ち歩けます says that you can carry the jacket around. The whole utterance therefore means, “Then you can carry the jacket without feeling weighed down.”