About This Lesson
Use Strengthening a Report with Evidence to practice Japanese conversation, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and quizzes.
Dialogue
A
レポートが広く共有される前に、話し合いたいと思っていました。
reh-POHT-oh gah hee-ROH-koo kyoh-YOO sah-reh-roo MAH-eh nee, hah-nah-shee-ah-ee-TAH-ee toh MOHT-teh ee-MAH-shee-tah. I wanted to discuss the report before it is shared widely.
B
いくつかのセクションには、もっと根拠が必要かもしれないと思っていました。
ee-KOOT-soo-kah noh seh-KOO-shon nee wah, MOHT-toh kohn-KYOH gah hee-tsoo-YOH kah-shee-MOH-reh-nah-ee toh MOHT-teh ee-MAH-shee-tah. I suspected some sections might need more evidence.
A
論旨はしっかりしていますが、提案には十分な裏付けがないように感じます。
rohn-shee wah shee-KAH-ree shee-teh-ee-MAH-soo-gah, teh-ee-AHN nee wah joo-BOON-nah oo-rah-ZOO-keh gah nah-ee YOH-nee kahn-jee-MAH-soo. The argument is strong, but the recommendations feel unsupported.
B
インタビューに頼りすぎて、データを十分に使っていませんでした。
een-tah-BYOO nee tah-YOH-ree soo-GEE-teh, DAY-tah oh joo-BOON-nee tsoo-KAHT-teh ee-mah-SEN-deh-shee-tah. I leaned too heavily on interviews and did not use enough data.
A
データを加えれば、結論を簡単には退けられなくなるでしょう。
DAY-tah oh koo-wah-EH-reh-bah, keh-tsoo-ROHN oh kahn-TAHN nee wah shee-ree-zoh-keh-rah-reh-nah-koo-nah-roo deh-SHOH. Adding data would make the conclusions harder to dismiss.
B
そのセクションを修正して、不確かな点にはっきり印を付けられます。
soh-noh seh-KOO-shon oh shoo-SEH shee-teh, foo-tah-SHEE-kah-nah tehn nee hahk-kee-ree shee-roo-shee oh tsoo-keh-rah-REH-mah-soo. I can revise that section and flag uncertain points clearly.
A
それなら、全体のメッセージを弱めずに、信頼性を高められます。
soh-reh-NAH-rah, zehn-TAH-ee noh meh-SEH-jee oh yoh-wah-MEH-zoo nee, sheen-rah-ee-SEH oh tah-kah-meh-rah-REH-mah-soo. That would improve credibility without weakening the overall message.
B
より多くの人に共有される前に、更新版をあなたに送ります。
yoh-ree oh-MOH-koo noh heen nee kyoh-YOO sah-reh-roo MAH-eh nee, koh-SHEEN-bahn oh ah-nah-TAH nee oh-koo-ree-MAH-soo. I'll send you the updated version before it goes to the wider group.Word by Word
レポート
レポート means the report being discussed and shared in this dialogue. A reusable pattern is レポートを共有する, meaning to share a report.
が
が marks レポート as the subject of 共有される, showing what is shared. A reusable pattern is Xが共有される, meaning that X is shared.
広く
広く means widely and describes the extent of 共有される. It is used before an action or state when something reaches many people or places.
共有
共有 refers to sharing or distributing the report as part of 共有される. A reusable pattern is Xを共有する, meaning to share X.
される
される shows that the report receives the action of sharing in 共有される, so the meaning is “is shared.” A reusable pattern is Xが共有される.
前
前 means before in the time expression 前に. It places the discussion earlier than the report being shared.
に
に marks the time relationship in 前に, meaning before that event. A reusable pattern is Vる前に, meaning before doing something.
話し合い
話し合い means discussing or talking something over in 話し合いたい. It is followed by たい to express the speaker’s wish to discuss the report.
たい
たい expresses the desire to do the action in 話し合いたい, meaning “want to discuss.” A reusable pattern is a verb stem plus たい when stating what someone wants to do.
と
と marks the content of the speaker’s thought before 思っていました. In this dialogue, it links the desired action to the thought being reported.
思って
思って means thinking or holding the thought expressed before it in 思っていました. It connects that thought to the past state described by いました.
いました
いました places the state in 思っていました in the past, so the speaker had been thinking this before the conversation. A reusable pattern is Vていました for a past ongoing or continuing state.
いくつか
いくつか means some or several and indicates an unspecified number of sections. The reusable pattern いくつかの + noun means some or several of that noun.
の
の links いくつか to セクション in いくつかのセクション, showing which sections are meant. A reusable pattern is AのB, where A describes or identifies B.
セクション
セクション means sections of the report in this dialogue. A reusable pattern is セクションを修正する, meaning to revise a section.
は
は highlights the sections as the topic in いくつかのセクションには. In this phrase, it draws attention to those sections as the area where more evidence may be needed.
もっと
もっと means more and modifies 根拠 in もっと根拠が必要, indicating that the current amount is insufficient. It can be placed before a quantity or description when asking for an increased amount or degree.
根拠
根拠 means evidence or a basis that supports a claim or recommendation. The pattern 根拠が必要 means that supporting evidence is needed.
必要
必要 states that something is needed or required, as in 根拠が必要. A reusable pattern is Xが必要, meaning that X is necessary.
かもしれない
かもしれない expresses possibility, meaning “might” or “may” in this dialogue. In this fixed expression, かも introduces the tentative possibility, しれ continues the expression, and ない completes it; together they show uncertainty about the need for more evidence.
論旨
論旨 means the central line of reasoning or argument in the report. In 論旨はしっかりしています, it is the argument that is described as solid.
しっかり
しっかり means solidly or firmly in 論旨はしっかりしています, describing the argument as well formed. A reusable pattern is しっかり + verb when an action is done firmly or thoroughly.
しています
しています presents the argument as being in a solid state in 論旨はしっかりしています. It is used here as a polite description of the report’s current quality.
提案
提案 means the recommendations or proposals made in the report. A reusable pattern is 提案を出す, meaning to put forward a proposal.
十分
十分 indicates adequacy or sufficiency in 十分な裏付け, meaning enough supporting evidence. The pattern 十分な + noun describes something as sufficient.
な
な links 十分 to the noun 裏付け in 十分な裏付け. It allows the description “sufficient” to modify the following noun.
裏付け
裏付け means supporting evidence or substantiation for the recommendations. The pattern 提案の裏付け refers to evidence supporting a proposal.
ない
ない states that something is absent or lacking in 裏付けがない, meaning that supporting evidence is not present. A reusable pattern is Xがない, meaning that X does not exist or is unavailable.
よう
よう contributes the sense of appearance or seeming in ないように感じます. The whole expression ないように感じます means that the speaker feels it seems not to have sufficient support.
感じます
感じます means feel or perceive, completing ないように感じます. A reusable pattern is 〜ように感じます when something seems a certain way to the speaker.
インタビュー
インタビュー means interviews, which were the main source the speaker relied on. A reusable pattern is インタビューを行う, meaning to conduct an interview.
頼りすぎて
頼りすぎて means relying too heavily on something and connects that reason to the lack of data use. A reusable pattern is Xに頼りすぎる, meaning to rely too much on X.
データ
データ means data used to support the report’s conclusions. The pattern データを使う means to use data.
を
を marks データ as the object of 使って, showing what was not used enough. A reusable pattern is Xを使う.
使って
使って means using in 使っていませんでした and connects the use of data to the following past negative state. A reusable pattern is Xを使って、Y, meaning to use X and then do or describe Y.
いませんでした
いませんでした makes 使っていませんでした a past negative expression, saying that the data had not been used. A reusable pattern is Vていませんでした for something that was not being done or had not been done.
加えれば
加えれば means if data is added in データを加えれば. It presents adding data as the condition for making the conclusions harder to dismiss; a reusable pattern is Xを加えれば、Y.
結論
結論 means the conclusions reached by the report. The pattern 結論を出す means to reach or produce a conclusion.
簡単
簡単 means easy or simple, and in 簡単には退けられなくなる it sets the degree of ease being discussed. With は in that construction, the meaning is that the conclusions will not be easy to dismiss.
退けられなくなる
退けられなくなる expresses becoming unable to dismiss something easily. In this dialogue, adding data makes the conclusions harder to reject; a reusable pattern is Xを簡単には退けられなくなる.
でしょう
でしょう presents the result as a probable or expected outcome in 退けられなくなるでしょう. It softens the prediction rather than stating it as an absolute fact.
その
その means that and points back to the section already under discussion. The reusable pattern その + noun identifies a previously mentioned item.
修正して
修正して means revise and, linking the revision of the section with the next action. A reusable pattern is Xを修正して、Y, meaning to revise X and then do or describe Y.
不確かな
不確かな means uncertain and describes 点 in 不確かな点. The reusable pattern 不確かな + noun identifies something whose accuracy or status is uncertain.
点
点 means points or aspects in 不確かな点, referring to particular uncertain parts of the report. A reusable pattern is 不確かな点を確認する, meaning to check uncertain points.
はっきり
はっきり means clearly and describes how the uncertain points will be marked. A reusable pattern is はっきり + verb when something is done in a clear way.
印
印 means a mark or label in 印を付けられます. The pattern Xに印を付ける means to mark X.
付けられます
付けられます expresses the ability to put a mark on something in 印を付けられます. A reusable pattern is Xに印を付けられます, meaning “can mark X.”
それなら
それなら means in that case or then, responding to the proposed revision and marking plan. It is useful when accepting or evaluating a condition just mentioned.
全体
全体 means the whole or overall part of something, and it modifies メッセージ in 全体のメッセージ. A reusable pattern is 全体の + noun when referring to something as a whole.
メッセージ
メッセージ means the overall message or main point the report communicates. The pattern メッセージを伝える means to communicate a message.
弱めずに
弱めずに means without weakening and describes what will not be harmed while credibility is improved. It connects an action to something done without weakening X; a reusable pattern is Xを弱めずに、Y.
信頼性
信頼性 means credibility or reliability, referring to how trustworthy the report appears. The pattern 信頼性を高める means to improve credibility.
高められます
高められます expresses the ability to improve or raise something in 信頼性を高められます. A reusable pattern is Xを高められます, meaning “can improve X.”
より
より means more in より多くの人, indicating a greater number of people. The reusable pattern より多くの + noun means more of that noun.
多く
多く means many or a large number in 多くの人. The pattern 多くの + noun refers to many people or things.
人
人 means people in 多くの人, the wider group that will receive the report. A reusable pattern is 多くの人に, meaning to or for many people.
更新版
更新版 means the updated version of the report after revisions. The pattern 更新版を送る means to send an updated version.
あなた
あなた means you and identifies the recipient in あなたに送ります. A reusable pattern is あなたに送る, meaning to send something to you.
送ります
送ります means send and expresses the speaker’s planned action in this dialogue. The reusable pattern is XをYに送ります, meaning to send X to Y.
Grammar Points
〜ば（条件）
データを加えれば、論旨を高められます。
DAY-tah oh koo-wah-EH-reh-bah, rohn-shee oh tah-kah-meh-rah-REH-mah-soo.If you add data, you can strengthen the argument.
「〜ば」は条件を表し、「if」や「when」に相当します。
Japanese Vocabulary
いくつかの
det
ee-KOOT-soo-kah noh
some; several
しっかり
adv
shee-KAH-ree
strongly; firmly
セクション
noun
seh-KOO-shon
section
レポート
noun
reh-POHT-oh
report
共有される
verb
kyoh-YOO sah-reh-roo
be shared
広く
adv
hee-ROH-koo
widely
根拠
noun
kohn-KYOH
evidence; basis
十分な
adj
joo-BOON-nah
sufficient; adequate
提案
noun
teh-ee-AHN
recommendation; proposal
必要
adj
hee-tsoo-YOH
necessary; needed
論旨
noun
rohn-shee
argument; line of reasoning
話し合う
verb
hah-nah-shee-AH-oo
discuss
話し合いたい
Quiz
Spelling
Tap the letters to spell the word.
discuss
Show Answer
話し合いたいbe shared
Show Answer
共有されるreport
Show Answer
レポートsection