지금
“지금” means “now” in “지금 추워요,” referring to the present moment. It is commonly placed before a statement about a current condition or action. Use it when telling someone what is happening at this moment.
추워요
“추워요” says that the speaker feels cold in the current situation. It is a polite everyday form for stating a cold condition, as in “지금 추워요.” Use it when describing how you feel or commenting that the surroundings are cold.
이
“이” means “this” and points to a specific nearby blanket in “이 따뜻한 담요를 덮어요.” It comes directly before the noun or noun phrase it describes. Use it when identifying one particular nearby thing.
따뜻한
“따뜻한” means “warm” and describes the blanket in “이 따뜻한 담요를 덮어요.” It is placed before a noun to describe its warmth. Use it when describing a warm object, place, or condition.
담요를
“담요를” means “the blanket” as the object involved in the action “덮어요.” The ending “를” marks the blanket as the object of the action. Use a noun with “를” when that noun receives the action.
덮어요
“덮어요” tells the listener to cover themselves with the blanket in “담요를 덮어요.” It is a polite everyday form used here as an instruction or suggestion. Use it when telling someone to cover something or themselves with a blanket or similar object.
제
“제” means “my” in “제 손도,” referring to the speaker’s own hands. It is placed before the noun that belongs to or is associated with the speaker. Use it when talking politely about your own belongings or body parts.
손도
“손도” means “the hands too” in “제 손도 차가워요.” “손” refers to the hands, and “도” adds them as another thing sharing the same condition. Use “도” after a noun when adding another person or thing with a similar description.
차가워요
“차가워요” says that the hands are cold in “제 손도 차가워요.” It describes the hands as having a cold temperature. Use it when reporting that an object or body part feels cold to the touch.
컵을
“컵을” means “the cup” as the object being held in “이 따뜻한 컵을 잠시 들고 있어요.” The ending “을” marks the cup as the object of the action. Use a noun with “을” when it receives the action.
잠시
“잠시” means “for a while” and limits how long the person should hold the cup. It is commonly placed before the action or state whose duration it describes. Use it when asking someone to do something for a short period.
들고
“들고” means “holding” as part of “들고 있어요,” describing the action that is being maintained. It connects the holding action with “있어요” to show that the person remains holding the cup. Use it in the pattern of holding an object while continuing that state.
있어요
In “들고 있어요,” “있어요” shows that the holding action is continuing. Together, “들고 있어요” means that someone is holding the cup at that time. Use this construction for an action or state that is in progress.
조금
“조금” means “a little” in “조금 도움이 돼요,” limiting the amount of help. It is placed before the word or expression whose degree it describes. Use it when describing a small amount or a slight effect.
도움이
“도움이” means “help” as the thing that is useful in “도움이 돼요.” The ending “이” marks help as the subject of this expression. Use this form when saying that something provides help or is useful.
돼요
In “도움이 돼요,” “돼요” completes the expression meaning “helps” or “is useful.” Its meaning here comes from the whole expression “도움이 돼요,” rather than from “돼요” alone. Use this expression when responding that advice, an action, or an item is helping.
소파에
“소파에” means “on the sofa” and marks the place where the person should sit. The ending “에” indicates the location associated with sitting. Use a place followed by “에” when saying where someone sits or goes.
앉아서
“앉아서” means “sit and then” in “소파에 앉아서 쉬어요,” linking sitting with resting. It presents sitting as the action connected to the following action. Use it when telling someone to do one action and then continue with another.
쉬어요
“쉬어요” means “rest” in the suggestion “앉아서 쉬어요.” It is a polite everyday form used when suggesting or telling someone to take a break. Use it when someone needs recovery or a period without activity.
이제
“이제” means “now” or “by now” in “이제 방이 더 따뜻하게 느껴져요,” marking the current point after a change. It helps contrast the present situation with what was true earlier. Use it when noting that a situation has changed or reached a new point.
방이
“방이” means “the room” as the thing that feels warmer in “방이 더 따뜻하게 느껴져요.” The ending “이” marks the room as the subject of the description. Use a noun with “이” or “가” when describing its condition or experience.
더
“더” means “more” and makes the room’s warmth greater than before in “더 따뜻하게 느껴져요.” It is placed before the describing expression it modifies. Use it when comparing the current degree with an earlier or other degree.
따뜻하게
“따뜻하게” makes “warm” describe how the room is experienced in “따뜻하게 느껴져요.” It connects the idea of warmth with “느껴져요,” so the room feels warm to the speaker. Use this form when describing something as being experienced or perceived in a particular way.
느껴져요
“느껴져요” means “feels” in “방이 더 따뜻하게 느껴져요,” describing the speaker’s perception of the room. It is used with a subject and a description of how that subject seems or feels. Use it when reporting a personal impression rather than a directly measured fact.
계속
“계속” means “continuously” or “still” in “계속 따뜻하도록,” showing that the warmth should continue. It is placed before the state or action that is maintained. Use it when talking about something continuing without stopping or changing.
따뜻하도록
“따뜻하도록” expresses the purpose of closing the window in “계속 따뜻하도록 창문을 닫을게요”: so that it stays warm. The ending “도록” connects the desired condition with the action intended to produce it. Use it when explaining that an action is done so a particular condition will result.
창문을
“창문을” means “the window” as the object that will be closed in “창문을 닫을게요.” The ending “을” marks the window as the object of the action. Use a noun with “을” when stating what someone will close or otherwise act on.
닫을게요
“닫을게요” means “I’ll close it” in “창문을 닫을게요,” expressing the speaker’s intention to close the window for the listener’s benefit. It is a polite way to offer or commit to a future action. Use it when volunteering to do something or assuring someone that you will do it.