About This Lesson
Use Explaining Completed Actions to practice Korean conversation, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and quizzes.
Dialogue
A
이 문법 패턴을 다시 설명해 주실 수 있나요?
ee MOON-buhp PAE-tuhn-eul DAH-shee suhll-myung-hae joo-shil soo inn-na-yo? Could you explain this grammar pattern again?
B
행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을 보여 줘요.
haeng-dong-ee ee-mee kkeun-NAT-tta-neun guh-seul BOH-yuh JWOH-yo. It shows that an action is already complete.
A
이 문장에서 동사는 왜 바뀌나요?
ee MOON-jahng-eh-suh dong-sa-neun weh bah-KWEE-na-yo? Why does the verb change in this sentence?
B
일이 끝났기 때문에 형태가 바뀌어요.
ee-ree kkeun-NAT-kkee ttae-MOON-eh hyuhng-tae-gah bah-KWEE-uh-yo. The form changes because the event is finished.
A
다른 예를 하나 들어 주실 수 있나요?
DAH-run YEH-rul HAH-nah DEUH-uh joo-shil soo inn-na-yo? Can you give me another example?
B
누군가 수업 전에 책을 열었어요.
noo-GOON-gah soo-UHP juhn-eh chae-guhl YUH-ruht-ssuh-yo. Someone opened the book before class.
A
그러니까 이 패턴을 더 쉽게 이해할 수 있어요.
guh-ruh-nee-KKAH ee PAE-tuhn-eul duh SHWEEP-gay ee-hae-hal soo iss-uh-yo. That makes the pattern easier to understand.
B
이제 자신의 문장을 만들어 보세요.
ee-JEH jah-SHEEN-eh MOON-jahng-eul mahn-DEUH-uh BOH-seh-yo. Now try making your own sentence.Word by Word
이
이 means “this” and points to the grammar pattern being discussed in 이 문법 패턴을. It is used directly before a noun, as in 이 문법 패턴. Use it when referring to a nearby or currently discussed thing.
문법
문법 means “grammar” in 문법 패턴, identifying the type of pattern being discussed. It commonly comes before a noun to specify a grammar-related topic. Use it in a language classroom when talking about rules or structures.
패턴을
패턴을 means “the pattern” as the object of 설명해 in 이 문법 패턴을 다시 설명해 주실 수 있나요. 패턴 is followed by 을 to mark what is explained. Use the same object-marking pattern when asking someone to explain a pattern.
다시
다시 means “again” in 다시 설명해, showing that the explanation should be repeated. It comes before the action it modifies. Use it when asking for something to be repeated.
설명해
설명해 means “explain” in 설명해 주실 수 있나요. Here it connects the action of explaining to 주실, which adds the sense of doing it as a favor in a polite request. Use 설명해 before a polite request construction when asking someone to explain something.
주실
주실 contributes the polite “do or give for someone” meaning in 설명해 주실 수 있나요. Together, 설명해 주실 asks whether the listener can explain it as a favor. Use it after an action when making a respectful request for that action.
수
수 expresses ability or possibility in 설명해 주실 수 있나요. In this construction, it is part of 수 있다 and asks whether the listener can do the action. Use it after a verb form before a possibility or ability expression.
있나요
있나요 completes the polite question 수 있나요, meaning “is it possible” or “can you.” Together with 설명해 주실 수, it asks politely whether the listener can explain the pattern. Use 수 있나요 after an action when checking whether it is possible.
행동이
행동이 means “an action” in 행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을 보여 줘요. 행동 is marked with 이 because it is the thing described as having ended. Use this form when identifying an action as the subject of an explanation.
이미
이미 means “already” in 이미 끝났다는, indicating that the action has been completed by the relevant point. It comes before the description of the completed action. Use it when emphasizing that something happened earlier than expected or before now.
끝났다는
끝났다는 conveys “that it has ended” in 행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을. It turns the statement 행동이 이미 끝났다 into content that can be explained or shown. Use it before 것을 when presenting a fact or statement as the content of another verb.
것을
것을 marks the fact or content 행동이 이미 끝났다는 as the object of 보여 줘요. Here it refers to the fact that the action has ended, not to a separate physical thing. Use it after a clause when that clause is the object being shown, known, or explained.
보여
보여 means “show” in 보여 줘요 and connects the showing action to 줘요. The full expression 보여 줘요 means that the pattern shows the fact for the listener. Use 보여 before 줘요 when saying that something shows or demonstrates something for someone.
줘요
줘요 contributes the meaning “do or give for someone” in 보여 줘요. With 보여, it makes the expression mean “shows” with a helpful or directed-to-someone nuance. Use it after an action when describing doing that action for another person.
문장에서
문장에서 means “in the sentence” in 이 문장에서 동사는 왜 바뀌나요. 문장 is followed by 에서 to mark the context or place where the change is being considered. Use it when locating a word, form, or event within a sentence.
동사는
동사는 means “the verb” in 동사는 왜 바뀌나요. 동사 is marked with 는 to set the verb as the topic of the question. Use this topic-marked form when asking specifically about what happens to the verb.
왜
왜 means “why” in 동사는 왜 바뀌나요 and asks for the reason for the change. It appears before the question ending in this sentence. Use it when asking why a situation or action occurs.
바뀌나요
바뀌나요 asks politely whether something changes; here it asks why the verb changes in this sentence. It is the question form used with the subject 동사는. Use it when asking about a change in a form, condition, or situation.
일이
일이 means “the event” or “the matter” in 일이 끝났기 때문에. 일이 is marked with 이 as the thing that has finished. Use it when referring to an event or matter as the subject of a description.
끝났기
끝났기 means “having ended” in 끝났기 때문에. It presents the completed event as the reason for the following statement. Use it before 때문에 when giving a reason based on an event that has ended.
때문에
때문에 means “because” in 끝났기 때문에 and introduces the reason the form changes. Together with 끝났기, it means “because the event has ended.” Use it after a reason when explaining the cause of a change or result.
형태가
형태가 means “the form” in 형태가 바뀌어요, identifying what changes. 형태 is marked with 가 as the subject of 바뀌어요. Use this form when discussing the shape or grammatical form of a word.
바뀌어요
바뀌어요 means “changes” in 형태가 바뀌어요. In this lesson, it describes a form changing because the event is finished. Use it after the changing item when explaining a change in a form or condition.
다른
다른 means “another” or “different” in 다른 예를 하나 들어 주실 수 있나요. It modifies 예 and asks for an example other than the one already discussed. Use it directly before a noun when requesting or identifying a different item.
예를
예를 means “an example” as the object of 들어 in 다른 예를 하나 들어 주실 수 있나요. 예 is marked with 를 because it is the example being given. Use it with the expression 예를 들어 when presenting an example.
하나
하나 means “one” in 예를 하나 들어, specifying that one example is requested. It comes before the action of giving the example. Use it after a noun when specifying a quantity of one.
들어
들어 means “give or present as an example” in 예를 하나 들어 주실 수 있나요. Here 들어 is part of the expression 예를 들어, which presents an example, and it connects to 주실. Use 예를 들어 when introducing an example in an explanation.
누군가
누군가 means “someone” in 누군가 수업 전에 책을 열었어요. It refers to an unspecified person who opened the book. Use it as the subject when the person is unknown or not important to identify.
수업
수업 means “class” in 수업 전에, identifying the event before which the book was opened. It combines with 전에 to express a time relationship. Use it when talking about a class or lesson.
전에
전에 means “before” in 수업 전에 책을 열었어요. It follows the time or event that serves as the reference point, here “class.” Use it after a noun to say that an action happened before that time or event.
책을
책을 means “the book” as the object of 열었어요 in 책을 열었어요. 책 is marked with 를 because it is what someone opened. Use this object-marking pattern when describing an action done to a book.
열었어요
열었어요 means “opened” in 누군가 수업 전에 책을 열었어요. It describes the completed action of opening the book in a polite sentence. Use it when reporting that someone opened something.
그러니까
그러니까 means “so” or “therefore” in 그러니까 이 패턴을 더 쉽게 이해할 수 있어요. It introduces a conclusion based on the preceding explanation and example. Use it when connecting a reason or explanation to its result.
더
더 means “more” in 더 쉽게, showing that understanding becomes easier to a greater degree. It comes before the word it modifies. Use it when comparing a degree or saying that something happens to a greater extent.
쉽게
쉽게 means “easily” in 더 쉽게 이해할 수 있어요 and describes the manner of understanding. It modifies 이해할 수 있어요. Use it before an action when explaining that something can be done easily.
이해할
이해할 means “understand” in 이해할 수 있어요. It comes before 수 to form the ability expression “can understand.” Use a verb in this position before 수 있어요 when describing an action that is possible.
있어요
있어요 completes 이해할 수 있어요, meaning “can understand” or “is able to understand.” Together with 이해할 수, it expresses ability rather than simple existence. Use 수 있어요 after an action when stating that the action is possible.
이제
이제 means “now” in 이제 자신의 문장을 만들어 보세요 and marks the next stage of the activity. It comes before the instruction. Use it when moving from an explanation to the action that should happen next.
자신의
자신의 means “your own” in 자신의 문장을, indicating that the learner should make a sentence belonging to themselves. It comes directly before the noun 문장을. Use it before a noun when emphasizing that something is one’s own.
문장을
문장을 means “the sentence” as the object of 만들어 in 자신의 문장을 만들어 보세요. 문장 is marked with 를 because it is what the learner should make. Use this object-marking pattern when referring to a sentence being made or used.
만들어
만들어 means “make” in 만들어 보세요 and connects the action to 보세요. Together, 만들어 보세요 politely tells the learner to try making a sentence. Use 만들어 before 보세요 when inviting someone to try creating something.
보세요
보세요 contributes the meaning “try doing” in 만들어 보세요. With 만들어, it makes a polite instruction to try making one’s own sentence. Use it after an action form when encouraging someone to try that action.
Grammar Points
V-아/어 주실 수 있나요?
설명해 주실 수 있나요?
suhll-myung-hae joo-shil soo inn-na-yo?Could you explain it for me?
A polite way to ask someone if they can do something as a favor.
V-아/어 보다
자신의 문장을 만들어 보세요.
jah-SHEEN-eh MOON-jahng-eul mahn-DEUH-uh BOH-seh-yo.Please try making your own sentence.
Attach -아/어 보다 to mean “try doing” something; -보세요 makes it a polite suggestion.
Korean Vocabulary
끝나다
verb
kkeun-NAH-dah
to end; to be finished
끝났다는
행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을 보여 줘요.
다시
adv
DAH-shee
again
이 문법 패턴을 다시 설명해 주실 수 있나요?
동사
noun
dong-SAH
verb
이 문장에서 동사는 왜 바뀌나요?
문법
noun
MOON-buhp
grammar
이 문법 패턴을 다시 설명해 주실 수 있나요?
문장
noun
MOON-jahng
sentence
이 문장에서 동사는 왜 바뀌나요?
바뀌다
verb
bah-KWEE-dah
to change
바뀌어요
이 문장에서 동사는 왜 바뀌나요?
보여 주다
verb
BOH-yuh JOO-dah
to show
보여 줘요
행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을 보여 줘요.
설명하다
verb
suhll-myung-HAH-dah
to explain
설명해 주실 수 있나요?
이 문법 패턴을 다시 설명해 주실 수 있나요?
왜
adv
weh
why
이 문장에서 동사는 왜 바뀌나요?
이미
adv
ee-MEE
already
행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을 보여 줘요.
패턴
noun
PAE-tuhn
pattern
이 문법 패턴을 다시 설명해 주실 수 있나요?
행동
noun
haeng-DONG
action
행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을 보여 줘요.
Quiz
Word Order
Arrange the words in the correct order.
It shows that an action is already complete.
Show Answer
행동이 이미 끝났다는 것을 보여 줘요.Why does the verb change in this sentence?
Show Answer
이 문장에서 동사는 왜 바뀌나요?The form changes because the event is finished.
Show Answer
일이 끝났기 때문에 형태가 바뀌어요.Spelling
Tap the letters to spell the word.
to end; to be finished
Show Answer
끝났다는to change
Show Answer
바뀌어요grammar
Show Answer
문법verb