Preparing for Changeable Hiking Weather | Learn Korean in English

Sentence explanations

1. 산행 날씨 예보가 계속 바뀌어서, 햇볕도 들고 소나기도 올 수 있어요.

   The forecast for the hike keeps changing, with sun and possible showers.

   산행

   hike; mountain outing

   날씨

   weather

   예보

   forecast

   계속

   continuously; keeps

   바뀌어서

   changes, so

   햇볕도 들고

   with sunshine too

   소나기

   shower

   올 수 있어요

   may come

   More detail

   산행 means a hike or mountain outing. In Korean, it is a compact noun for going hiking, so 산행 날씨 means “weather for the hike.” Example: 산행을 준비해요. — “I prepare for a hike.” 날씨 means weather. It combines naturally with information about conditions: 날씨가 좋아요. — “The weather is good.” 예보 means a forecast, especially a weather forecast when used with 날씨. 날씨 예보 is therefore “weather forecast.” Example: 예보를 확인했어요. — “I checked the forecast.” 계속 means “continuously” or “keeps,” showing that the change is ongoing rather than happening just once. It can modify many verbs: 비가 계속 와요. — “It keeps raining.” 바뀌어서 is the form of 바뀌다, “to change,” followed by -어서. Here 바뀌다 describes the forecast changing, and 바뀌어서 links that situation to the following information with a connective meaning like “because it changes” or “as it keeps changing.” The repeated-change meaning comes from 계속, not from -어서 itself. 햇볕도 들고 contains 햇볕, “sunlight” or “sunshine,” 도, “also/too,” and 들고, the connective form of 들다, “to come in” or, with sunlight, “to shine in.” Here it means that sunshine can occur as another part of the changing weather. -고 links this condition to the next one. Example: 창문으로 햇볕이 들어요. — “Sunlight comes in through the window.” 소나기 means a shower: rain that falls suddenly and usually for a short time. It is different from general 비, “rain,” because it specifies this kind of brief shower. Example: 소나기가 왔어요. — “A shower came.” 올 수 있어요 is 오다, “to come,” plus -(으)ㄹ 수 있다, “can/may be possible,” in the polite present form 있어요. With weather, 소나기가 오다 means “a shower comes” or naturally “it showers.” Thus this phrase says that a shower is possible; it does not assert that one will definitely happen. Example: 오늘 비가 올 수 있어요. — “It may rain today.” Together, 산행 날씨 예보가 계속 바뀌어서 says that the forecast for the hike keeps changing. 햇볕도 들고 소나기도 올 수 있어요 adds two possible conditions: sunshine may occur, and showers may also come. The complete meaning is: “The forecast for the hike keeps changing, with sun and possible showers.”

2. 겹겹이 입고 방수 재킷을 가져오세요.

   Wear layers and bring a waterproof jacket.

   겹겹이

   in layers

   입고

   wear and then

   방수

   waterproof

   재킷

   jacket

   가져오세요

   please bring

   More detail

   겹겹이 means “in layers” or “layer upon layer.” It is an adverb describing how the clothing is worn, rather than naming one particular garment. A useful pattern is 겹겹이 입다 = “to wear several layers.” 입고 comes from 입다, “to wear” or “to put on clothes.” The ending -고 links this action to the next one; here it gives the reusable pattern “do X and then do Y” or simply “do X and do Y.” The subject is understood from the request as the person being addressed. 입다 is the dictionary form, while 입고 is its connective form. 방수 means “waterproof.” It functions here as a modifier before the noun 재킷: 방수 재킷 means “a waterproof jacket.” This form is useful in other compounds too, such as 방수 신발 (“waterproof shoes”), an example rather than a fact about the supplied conversation. 재킷 is the noun “jacket,” a loanword. Unlike 방수, it names the item itself, so 방수 재킷 combines the property with the item: “waterproof jacket.” 가져오세요 comes from 가져오다, “to bring” or “to bring here.” The form -세요 makes a polite request or instruction: 가져오세요 = “please bring it” or “please bring [one].” 가져오다 emphasizes movement toward the relevant speaker or place; 가다 means “to go,” while 오다 means “to come.” The object is understood from the context and translation as a waterproof jacket. Together, 겹겹이 입고 says “wear layers,” and 방수 재킷을 가져오세요 says “please bring a waterproof jacket.” The object marker 을 marks 방수 재킷 as the object of 가져오세요. The complete utterance is therefore: “Wear layers and bring a waterproof jacket.”

3. 등산로는 열려 있지만, 위쪽 구간은 진흙투성이일 수도 있어요.

   The trail is open, but the higher section may be muddy.

   등산로

   hiking trail

   열려 있지만

   although it is open

   위쪽

   upper

   구간

   section

   진흙투성이

   muddy

   일 수도 있어요

   may be

   More detail

   등산로 means “hiking trail.” It is a noun; 등산 relates to mountain hiking, and 로 here is part of the established noun 등산로, not a separate direction marker. In this sentence, 는 marks the trail as the topic: “As for the trail…” 열려 있지만 comes from 열리다, “to be open,” with -어 있지만, which presents one state and then contrasts it with the following information. The result is “is open, but…” or “although it is open.” The contrast marker does not itself express uncertainty; the uncertainty appears later. 위쪽 means “the upper part” or “higher area.” It can be used for a location above another area, as in 위쪽에 있어요 (“It is in the upper area”). Here it modifies 구간, identifying a higher section of the trail without specifying an exact location. 구간 means “section” or “stretch,” especially a defined part of a route or course. For example, 이 구간은 좁아요 means “This section is narrow.” 진흙투성이 means “covered in mud” or “muddy.” 투성이 is used after a noun to describe something as full of or covered with that thing; 진흙 means “mud.” In this sentence, 진흙투성이 describes the condition of the higher section. For example, 신발이 진흙투성이예요 means “The shoes are covered in mud.” 일 수도 있어요 expresses possibility: “may be” or “could be.” The pattern -(으)ㄹ 수도 있다 means that something is one possible situation. With the copula 이다, the form is 일 수도 있다; the polite present form here is 일 수도 있어요. It does not assert that the section is muddy, only that this is possible. Together, 등산로는 열려 있지만 says “The hiking trail is open, but,” and 위쪽 구간은 진흙투성이일 수도 있어요 says “the higher section may be muddy.” The complete meaning is: “The trail is open, but the higher section may be muddy.”

4. 천천히 가는 게 좋겠어요. 특히 내리막 구간에서는요.

   We should take it slowly, especially on the downhill parts.

   천천히

   slowly

   가는

   going

   좋겠어요

   would be good

   특히

   especially

   내리막

   downhill

   구간

   section

   에서는요

   in/on ...

   More detail

   천천히 means “slowly” here and is an adverb modifying the movement. The related adjective is 느리다 (“to be slow”), but 천천히 is the form used to describe how an action is carried out. 가는 comes from 가다 (“to go”). Its -는 form describes an ongoing or general action and appears before the noun-like element 게: 가다 → 가는. In this sentence, it refers to going slowly, not to a separately identified person or object. 좋겠어요 is built from 좋다 (“to be good”) plus -겠- and the polite ending -어요. In this context, -겠어요 presents what would be good or advisable, so 가는 게 좋겠어요 is a gentle recommendation: “it would be good to go …” The 게 is a contracted form of 것이 after 가는 것; the whole pattern 동사-는 게 좋겠어요 is useful for saying that doing something would be advisable. Example: 조금 쉬는 게 좋겠어요. — “It would be good to rest a little.” 특히 means “especially” and highlights the following situation as a particularly relevant case. It does not itself specify how strong the recommendation is. 내리막 means “downhill” or “a downhill stretch.” It functions here as a noun-like modifier of 구간, making 내리막 구간 mean “downhill sections.” Its opposite in a terrain context is 오르막 (“uphill”). 구간 means “section” or “stretch,” especially a defined part of a route or course. 내리막 구간 therefore refers to sections of the route that go downhill. 에서는요 combines the location/setting marker 에서, the topic or contrast marker 는, and polite sentence-final 요: 에서 + 는 + 요. Attached to 내리막 구간, it marks downhill sections as the setting under discussion and gives the ending a polite, conversational tone. The 는 here does not mean that the sections are necessarily being contrasted with a named alternative; it can simply set this situation apart for emphasis. Together, 천천히 가는 게 좋겠어요 says that going slowly would be advisable. 특히 내리막 구간에서는요 then singles out downhill sections as the especially important setting. The complete meaning is: “We should take it slowly, especially on the downhill parts.”

5. 날씨가 나빠지면 전망대에서 돌아갈 수 있어요.

   If the weather turns bad, we can turn back at the viewpoint.

   날씨가

   the weather

   나빠지면

   if it becomes bad

   전망대에서

   at the viewpoint

   돌아갈

   turn back; return

   수 있어요

   can; be able to

   More detail

   날씨가 means “the weather” here. 날씨 is a noun, and 가 marks it as the subject of the condition. The sentence therefore makes the weather—not a person—the thing that becomes bad. 나빠지면 comes from 나빠지다, “to become bad” or “to worsen.” The ending -(으)면 makes a condition: “if/when ….” Thus, 나빠지면 is “if it becomes bad.” This is different from 나쁘면, which uses 나쁘다 directly; the observed form specifically includes the change-of-state idea in -지다. Example: 길이 미끄러워지면 천천히 가요. — “If the road becomes slippery, go slowly.” 전망대에서 means “at the viewpoint.” 전망대 is a noun meaning “viewpoint” or “observation deck,” and 에서 marks the place where an action takes place. It does not itself mean that the viewpoint is the destination of returning. Example: 전망대에서 사진을 찍어요. — “I take pictures at the viewpoint.” 돌아갈 comes from 돌아가다, “to turn back” or “to return.” The ending -(으)ㄹ is the form used before 수 in the ability/possibility pattern. In this sentence, the intended action is turning back, as shown by the fixed translation. Example: 늦으면 집에 돌아갈 거예요. — “If it gets late, I will return home.” 수 있어요 completes V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다, a common pattern meaning that someone can or is able to do something. 있어요 is the polite present form of 있다; with 수, it expresses possibility or ability rather than simple physical existence. Here 돌아갈 수 있어요 means “we can turn back.” The subject “we” is supplied by the fixed translation, even though Korean commonly leaves this subject unspoken. Together, 날씨가 나빠지면 sets the condition, 전망대에서 identifies the place where the action can occur, and 돌아갈 수 있어요 expresses the available option. The whole utterance means: “If the weather turns bad, we can turn back at the viewpoint.”

6. 시작하기 전에 그렇게 말해 두죠. 그래야 아무도 계속 가야 한다는 압박을 느끼지 않을 거예요.

   Let's say that before we start, so no one feels pressured to continue.

   시작하기 전에

   before starting

   그렇게 말해 두죠

   let's say that in advance

   그래야

   so that

   아무도

   no one

   계속 가야 한다는

   that one must keep going

   압박

   pressure

   느끼지 않을 거예요

   will not feel

   More detail

   시작하기 전에 combines 시작하다 “to start” with -기, which turns the verb into an activity or event, and 전에 “before.” Thus -기 전에 is a reusable pattern meaning “before doing …”: 집을 나가기 전에 확인해요. — “I check before leaving the house.” 그렇게 말해 두죠 means “let’s say it that way/in advance.” 그렇게 means “that way” here, while 말하다 is “to say.” The pattern -아/어 두다 describes doing something beforehand so it is prepared or remains in effect; 말해 두다 is therefore “say in advance.” The polite ending -죠 presents the proposal as “let’s …” in this context. The useful pattern is V-아/어 두죠 — “let’s do V in advance.” 그래야 links the proposal to its intended result: “that way” or “so that.” It commonly introduces the condition or arrangement needed for the following result, rather than simply adding another event. Here, saying it beforehand is presented as the way to prevent the later pressure. 아무도 means “no one” in this sentence. 아무도 normally occurs with a negative predicate when it means “no one”: 아무도 오지 않았어요. — “No one came.” The negative meaning is completed by 느끼지 않을 거예요 later in the sentence. 계속 가야 한다는 contains the idea “that one has to keep going.” 계속 means “continuously” or “onward,” and 가다 means “to go.” In 가야 하다, -아야 하다 expresses necessity: 가야 해요 means “I/you/one must go.” The form 한다는 turns the clause into a description of its content, so 계속 가야 한다는 압박 is “pressure that one must keep going.” The sentence does not specify a particular person who must go; the important point is the perceived obligation to continue. 압박 is a noun meaning “pressure,” especially pressure felt as a demand or burden. In this sentence it is the pressure associated with having to continue, rather than physical pressure. 압박을 느끼다 is a useful combination meaning “feel pressure.” 느끼지 않을 거예요 means “will not feel.” 느끼다 is “to feel,” -지 않다 negates the verb, and -(으)ㄹ 거예요 presents a future expectation or prediction. Together, 느끼지 않을 거예요 says that the people concerned are expected not to feel the pressure. The negative form belongs to 느끼다, not to 압박. Putting the parts together: 시작하기 전에 sets the time, 그렇게 말해 두죠 proposes saying it beforehand, and 그래야 connects that preparation with the result. 아무도 계속 가야 한다는 압박을 느끼지 않을 거예요 means that no one will feel pressure that they have to keep going. The whole utterance is therefore: “Let’s say that before we start, so no one feels pressured to continue.”

7. 일행에게 평소에 신는 신발은 신지 말라고 알려 줄까요?

   Should we remind the group not to wear casual shoes?

   일행에게

   to the group

   평소에

   usually; ordinarily

   신는

   wearing; wear

   신발

   shoes

   신지 말라고

   not to wear

   알려 줄까요?

   should we let them know?

   More detail

   일행에게 means “to the group.” 일행 is a noun for a group of people traveling or acting together, and -에게 marks the recipient of an action such as telling, giving, or asking. Example: 친구에게 말해요. — “I tell my friend.” 평소에 means “usually” or “in ordinary circumstances.” It describes a regular habit, rather than what is happening only now. Example: 평소에 일찍 자요. — “I usually go to bed early.” 신는 comes from 신다, “to wear” footwear. It is the present attributive form, so it modifies the following noun: 신는 신발 means “shoes that [someone] usually wears.” The form 신는 itself does not identify the wearer; the sentence supplies that meaning through context and the fixed translation. Example: 매일 신는 운동화 — “sneakers worn every day.” 신발 means “shoes” or “footwear.” It is a noun and can refer to footwear generally, while a more specific type can be added before it. Example: 등산 신발 — “hiking shoes.” 신지 말라고 expresses “not to wear.” It is built from 신다 plus the negative command pattern -지 말다; -라고 presents that command as reported content. Thus 신지 말라고 is the content of what the speaker would tell the group, not an instruction addressed directly to the learner. Contrast 신으라고 — “to wear [them]” — with 신지 말라고 — “not to wear [them].” 알려 줄까요? asks whether the speaker and listener should let someone know. 알리다 means “to inform” or “to let someone know,” and 주다 after another verb can add the idea of doing that for someone or providing the information. -ㄹ까요? makes a polite proposal or asks for agreement: 말해 줄까요? — “Shall I tell them?” Here, together with 일행에게 and the reported command, it asks whether they should remind the group. Putting the parts together, 일행에게 identifies the recipients, 평소에 신는 신발 identifies the shoes normally worn, and 신지 말라고 gives the content of the reminder. The whole utterance means: “Should we remind the group not to wear the shoes they usually wear?” In the supplied translation, this is naturally rendered as “Should we remind the group not to wear casual shoes?”

8. 알맞은 신발을 신으라고 하세요. 진흙길은 미끄러울 수 있어요.

   Ask them to wear proper shoes; muddy trails can be slippery.

   알맞은

   proper; suitable

   신발

   shoes

   신으라고 하세요

   ask them to wear

   진흙길

   muddy trail

   미끄러울

   slippery

   수 있어요

   can; may be

   More detail

   알맞은 is the attributive form of 알맞다, meaning “suitable” or “proper.” It describes the noun that follows it. For example, 알맞은 크기 means “a suitable size.” 신발 means “shoes” and can refer to footwear generally; the form itself does not mark a number here. The phrase 알맞은 신발 therefore means “proper shoes.” 신으라고 하세요 is a polite request to tell or ask someone to wear something. 신다 is the base verb “to wear” footwear, and its stem combines with -(으)라고 하다 to report an instruction: 신으라고 하다 means “tell someone to wear [it/them].” 하세요 is the polite form directed to the person being asked to deliver that instruction. In this sentence, the fixed translation identifies the intended people as “them.” 진흙길 is a noun meaning “muddy trail” or “muddy path.” It combines 진흙 (“mud”) with 길 (“road” or “path”), forming a useful compound for a path covered in or characterized by mud. 미끄러울 is the form of 미끄럽다, “to be slippery,” used before 수 있다. The adjective has the ㅂ-irregular change: before a vowel-initial ending, 미끄럽- becomes 미끄러우-, giving 미끄러울 before -ㄹ. Do not treat 길 as the base of this adjective; 미끄럽다 is its own base form. 수 있어요 expresses possibility: “can” or “may.” In 미끄러울 수 있어요, it combines with the preceding form to say that something may be slippery or can be slippery. The construction does not assert that the trail is definitely slippery. Together, 진흙길은 미끄러울 수 있어요 means “Muddy trails can be slippery,” with 은 marking 진흙길 as the topic. The first sentence asks the listener to tell them to wear suitable shoes; the second gives the reason or practical warning. The complete utterance is: “Ask them to wear proper shoes; muddy trails can be slippery.”

9. 오늘 밤에 준비물 알림을 보내면 도움이 되겠어요.

   A packing reminder tonight would help.

   오늘 밤에

   tonight

   준비물

   packing items

   알림

   reminder

   보내면

   if [someone] sends

   도움

   help

   되겠어요

   would be

   More detail

   오늘 밤에 sets the time: “tonight.” 오늘 means “today,” and 밤 means “night”; -에 marks a time point or period. Example: 내일 아침에 만나요. — “Let’s meet tomorrow morning.” 준비물 means the things needed for preparation, here the items someone should pack. It is a noun, so it can be modified by another noun such as 여행 준비물 (“travel necessities”). Example: 준비물을 챙겼어요. — “I packed the things I need.” 알림 means a reminder or notification. In this sentence it is a reminder about the packing items. Example: 회의 알림을 보냈어요. — “I sent a meeting reminder.” 보내면 comes from 보내다, “to send,” plus -(으)면, an if/when ending: 보내다 → 보내면. The subject is omitted, as is common in Korean; the form itself does not identify who sends it. -(으)면 presents the sending as the condition for what follows. Example: 지금 보내면 좋아요. — “It is good if you send it now.” 도움 is the noun “help” or “assistance.” In the useful pattern 도움이 되다, it means “to be helpful” or literally “to become help”; -이 marks 도움 as the subject of 되다. Example: 이 정보가 도움이 됐어요. — “This information was helpful.” 되겠어요 is a form of 되다, “to become” or “to be,” with -겠어요. Here -겠어요 gives a tentative prediction or assessment, so 도움이 되겠어요 means “would be helpful.” This is not the past form; the base is 되다, and the form is 되겠어요. Example: 그 방법이 도움이 되겠어요. — “That method would be helpful.” Together, 오늘 밤에 준비물 알림을 보내면 means “if/when [someone] sends a packing-items reminder tonight.” The conditional clause is followed by 도움이 되겠어요, “it would be helpful.” Thus the whole utterance means: “A packing reminder tonight would help.” The pattern A-(으)면 B-겠어요 can be reused for a tentative assessment of a condition: “If A happens, B would be the case.”

10. 모두가 준비할 수 있도록 충분히 일찍 보내세요.

    Send it early enough for everyone to prepare.

    모두가

    everyone

    준비할

    prepare

    수 있도록

    so that ... can

    충분히

    enough; sufficiently

    일찍

    early

    보내세요

    please send

    More detail

    모두가 means “everyone” as the subject of the purpose clause. 모두 means “everyone/all,” and -가 marks it as the subject. This form does not by itself specify a particular number beyond the group understood as “everyone.” 준비할 comes from 준비하다, “to prepare.” The ending -ㄹ here is the form used before 수 in -(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다, the pattern for being able or unable to do something. For example, 읽을 수 있어요 means “I/you can read.” 수 있도록 combines the ability pattern with -도록. In this sentence, 준비할 수 있도록 means “so that everyone can prepare”: -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 expresses ability, and -도록 links that goal to the main action. The subject of the purpose clause is 모두가, while the subject of the main command is understood from the situation. 충분히 is an adverb meaning “sufficiently” or “enough.” It modifies the timing expression that follows, indicating that the sending should be early by a sufficient margin for the purpose to be achieved. For example, 충분히 크게 말하세요 means “Speak loudly enough.” 일찍 means “early,” especially early in relation to an expected or relevant time. It is an adverb, so it directly describes when an action happens. Its comparative form can be expressed with 더 일찍, “earlier”; for example, 내일은 더 일찍 오세요 means “Please come earlier tomorrow.” 보내세요 comes from 보내다, “to send,” with the polite request/command ending -세요. Here it politely directs the listener to send something. The fixed translation identifies the understood object as “it”; the Korean sentence leaves that object unspoken because it is recoverable from context. 보내요 is a polite statement or question form, whereas 보내세요 functions here as a polite directive. Together, 모두가 준비할 수 있도록 gives the purpose “so that everyone can prepare.” 충분히 일찍 means “early enough,” and 보내세요 gives the polite instruction “please send.” The whole utterance therefore means: “Send it early enough for everyone to prepare.”