Je
Je means “I” here, as the speaker asks for permission in Je peux emprunter ton chargeur de téléphone ?. Use Je before a verb when saying what you do or want to do.
peux
In Je peux emprunter ton chargeur de téléphone ?, peux expresses “can” or “may” when asking permission. It is the je form of pouvoir here; reuse Je peux + an infinitive to ask whether you may do something.
emprunter
Emprunter means “to borrow” here, referring to using another person’s phone charger and returning it later. It follows peux in Je peux emprunter ton chargeur de téléphone ?; reuse emprunter + an item.
ton
Ton means “your” in ton chargeur de téléphone, referring to the other person’s charger. It comes before the noun it describes; reuse ton + a noun when addressing one person informally.
chargeur
Chargeur means “charger” here, specifically the phone charger being borrowed. In chargeur de téléphone, de téléphone identifies what the charger is for; reuse chargeur de + an item or purpose.
de
In chargeur de téléphone, de links chargeur with téléphone and identifies the type or purpose of the charger. Reuse de + a noun to connect one thing with another related thing.
téléphone
Téléphone means “phone” in chargeur de téléphone. The phrase chargeur de téléphone refers to a phone charger; reuse téléphone after de when identifying something related to a phone.
Il
Il means “it” here and refers to the charger in Il est dans la poche intérieure de mon sac. Use Il est + a location to say where this masculine-noun item is.
est
Est means “is” here and locates the charger in Il est dans la poche intérieure de mon sac. It is a form of être; reuse a subject + est + a place or description.
dans
Dans means “in” here and introduces the place containing the charger. In Il est dans la poche intérieure de mon sac, it is followed by the location; reuse être dans + a place or container.
la
La means “the” before the feminine noun poche in la poche intérieure. Reuse la before a feminine singular noun when referring to a specific thing.
poche
Poche means “pocket” in la poche intérieure, the place where the charger is kept. Reuse poche with a describing word such as poche intérieure or with a location phrase.
intérieure
Intérieure means “inside” or “interior” here and describes the pocket in la poche intérieure. It is the form used with poche; reuse poche intérieure to identify an inside pocket.
mon
Mon means “my” in mon sac, referring to the speaker’s bag. It comes before sac; reuse mon + a noun when referring to something belonging to the speaker.
sac
Sac means “bag” in mon sac, the bag containing the charger. Reuse dans mon sac to say that something is in the speaker’s bag.
Le
Le means “the” before a masculine singular noun. It appears as sentence-initial Le in Le câble est dans le petit étui and as lowercase le in le chargeur; reuse le + a specific masculine singular noun.
câble
Câble means “cable” here, referring to the cable that goes with the charger. Reuse le câble est dans + a place to say where the cable is.
avec
Avec means “with” here, as in Le câble est avec le chargeur ?, asking whether the cable is together with the charger. Reuse être avec + a person or thing when asking or saying that two things are together.
petit
Petit means “small” in le petit étui and describes the case containing the cable. It comes before the noun here; reuse petit + a noun to describe a small item.
étui
Étui means “case” here, specifically the small case containing the cable. Reuse dans l'étui when saying that something is inside the case.
J'ai
J'ai means “I have” in J'ai trouvé les deux, where it begins the expression meaning “I found both.” It combines je with ai, the first-person form of avoir; reuse J'ai + a completed action such as J'ai trouvé + an object.
trouvé
Trouvé means “found” in J'ai trouvé les deux, referring to locating both the charger and the cable. It is the form of trouver used with J'ai; reuse J'ai trouvé + the thing you located.
les
Les means “the” in les deux and refers to the two items together, the charger and the cable. In les deux, it helps express “both”; reuse les before a plural noun or les deux when referring to two known items.
Remets
Remets means “put back” in Remets le câble dans l'étui, s'il te plaît. It is a direct request to one person; reuse Remets + an object + dans + the place where it should go.
l'étui
L'étui means “the case” in Remets le câble dans l'étui, s'il te plaît. The l' form is used before étui; reuse dans l'étui to say that something should be put in the case.
s'il te plaît
S'il te plaît means “please” in Remets le câble dans l'étui, s'il te plaît and makes the request more polite. In this expression, s'il is contracted from si + il, te refers to the person addressed, and plaît is the form of plaire used in the expression; use s'il te plaît with a request to one person.
vais
Vais expresses “am going to” or “will” in Je vais tout rendre avant de partir, where the speaker promises a future action. It is the je form of aller; reuse Je vais + an infinitive for an intention or planned action.
tout
Tout means “everything” in Je vais tout rendre, referring to the charger and cable together. It comes before rendre in this construction; reuse Je vais tout + an infinitive when referring to all relevant items.
rendre
Rendre means “to return” in Je vais tout rendre avant de partir, referring to giving the borrowed items back. It follows vais; reuse rendre + an object when returning something to its owner.
avant
Avant means “before” in avant de partir and introduces the time limit for returning everything. Reuse avant de + an infinitive to say that one action happens before another.
partir
Partir means “to leave” in avant de partir. It follows de in the pattern avant de partir; reuse avant de + an infinitive when describing something that happens before leaving or before another action.
Ça
Ça means “that” or “it” in Ça me va and refers to the proposed arrangement. In this expression, it is the subject of the response; reuse Ça me va to say that an arrangement suits you.
me
Me means “to me” or “for me” in Ça me va, identifying the person for whom the arrangement works. Reuse the complete pattern Ça me va when accepting or approving a suggestion.
va
Va means “works,” “is okay,” or “suits” in Ça me va. It is a form of aller used in this expression; reuse Ça me va to say that a proposed plan is acceptable to you.