Preparing for Heavy Rain | Learn Korean in English

Sentence explanations

1. 일기 예보에 곧 폭우가 시작될 거라고 나와요.

   The forecast says heavy rain will start soon.

   일기 예보

   weather forecast

   곧

   soon

   폭우

   heavy rain

   시작될

   will start

   거라고

   that … will

   나와요

   says

   More detail

   일기 예보 means “weather forecast.” 일기 means “weather” in this compound, while 예보 means “forecast.” Together they name the forecast as the source of the information. Example: 일기 예보를 봐요. — “I look at the weather forecast.” 곧 is the adverb “soon.” It places the event shortly after the relevant speaking time. It does not itself mark tense on a verb; it modifies the timing of the event. Example: 곧 시작해요. — “It starts soon.” 폭우 means “heavy rain” or “a downpour.” It is a noun naming the expected weather event. Example: 폭우가 내려요. — “Heavy rain falls.” 시작될 comes from 시작되다, “to begin/start.” The form 시작될 contains the future or expected attributive form -ㄹ and modifies the following 거 in the pattern -ㄹ 거예요, which expresses an expected or planned future event. Here, 시작될 means “that will start,” referring to 폭우. Example: 비가 곧 시작될 거예요. — “The rain will start soon.” 거라고 is the conversational form of 것이라고 in this quoted-content pattern. After a clause such as 폭우가 시작될 거라고, it marks the content being reported: “that the heavy rain will start.” The future meaning comes from 시작될; 거라고 connects that projected event to the reporting expression that follows. 나와요 comes from 나오다, literally “to come out.” In a forecast or other written source, -이/가 나오다 can mean that information appears or is stated there; in this sentence, 나와요 therefore means “says” or “indicates.” The polite ending -요 makes the statement polite in ordinary conversation. Example: 안내문에 시간이 나와요. — “The time is stated in the notice.” Together, 일기 예보에 identifies the forecast as the source, 곧 폭우가 시작될 거라고 reports its prediction that heavy rain will start soon, and 나와요 says that this information appears in the forecast. The whole utterance means: “The forecast says heavy rain will start soon.”

2. 그럼 오늘은 방수 신발을 신으세요.

   Then wear waterproof shoes today.

   그럼

   Then

   오늘은

   today

   방수

   waterproof

   신발

   shoes

   신으세요

   wear

   More detail

   그럼 means “then” or “in that case” here. It is a common shortened form of 그러면. It links the advice to the situation already mentioned. Example: 그럼 내일 만나요. — “Then, see you tomorrow.” 오늘은 consists of 오늘 (“today”) and the topic marker 은. The marker frames today as the time being discussed, so 오늘은 can be understood as “as for today” or simply “today” in a natural translation. 은 is used after a consonant; after a vowel, the corresponding topic form is 는. 방수 means “waterproof” and works here as a modifier before 신발. It combines with nouns in expressions such as 방수 재킷 — “waterproof jacket.” 신발 means “shoe” or “shoes.” Korean nouns do not have to mark singular versus plural, so this form can refer to one shoe or more than one when the context supports it. For footwear, the verb 신다 is used; it is different from 입다, which is used for wearing clothes. Example: 운동화를 신어요. — “I wear sneakers.” 신으세요 is the polite request or command form of 신다, meaning “wear [them].” The stem is 신-, and the polite ending -(으)세요 follows a consonant stem here: 신- + -으세요 → 신으세요. This ending is useful for polite instructions, as in 앉으세요. — “Please sit.” Together, 그럼 오늘은 sets the situation and time, 방수 신발 identifies the footwear, and 신으세요 gives a polite instruction. The whole utterance means: “Then wear waterproof shoes today.”

3. 역 근처에는 항상 물웅덩이가 있어요.

   There are always puddles near the station.

   역

   station

   근처에는

   nearby; near

   항상

   always

   물웅덩이

   puddle

   있어요

   there is; there are

   More detail

   역 means “station” here. It is a noun and can combine with location expressions: 역 근처 means “near the station.” Example: 학교 근처 means “near the school.” 근처에는 means “near.” The noun 근처 means “vicinity” or “nearby area”; 에 marks a location, and 는 presents that location as the topic. Thus 역 근처에는 literally organizes the sentence around “the area near the station.” The form 에는 is the combination 에 + 는, not a separate word meaning “near.” 항상 means “always.” It indicates that the situation holds consistently, rather than only happening once. Example: 그 가게는 항상 열려 있어요. means “That shop is always open.” 물웅덩이 means “puddle.” It is a noun; Korean does not require a plural ending here, so the form can refer to one or more puddles according to context. The following 이 marks it as the grammatical subject: 물웅덩이가. 있어요 is the polite present form of 있다, used here for the existence or presence of something at a place. In this pattern, 장소에 물건이 있어요 means “There is/are a thing or things at the place.” 있어요 does not itself mark singular versus plural. Example: 책상 위에 책이 있어요. means “There is a book on the desk.” Together, 역 근처에는 sets “near the station” as the location, 항상 says the situation is constant, and 물웅덩이가 있어요 says that puddles are present there. The whole utterance means: “There are always puddles near the station.”

4. 지연 때문에 시간이 더 필요할 수도 있어요.

   You may also need extra time for delays.

   지연

   delay

   때문에

   because of

   시간

   time

   더

   more; additionally

   필요할 수도 있어요

   may be needed

   More detail

   지연 means “delay” here. It is a noun and can combine with 때문에 to name a cause. Korean does not need a plural marker here; the noun can refer generically to delays. 때문에 marks a cause: N 때문에 means “because of N” or “due to N.” Thus 지연 때문에 means “because of delays” in this sentence. With a verb or adjective, the related pattern is -기 때문에, as in 비가 오기 때문에 (“because it is raining”). 시간 means “time.” In 시간이, the particle 이 marks time as the grammatical subject of the following predicate: the time is what is needed. Depending on context, 시간 can mean time generally or an amount of time. 더 adds the meaning “more” or “additionally.” In 시간이 더 필요하다, it contributes the idea that more time is needed; it is not an independent numerical count. A reusable example is 물이 더 필요해요 (“More water is needed” / “I need more water,” depending on context). 필요할 수도 있어요 expresses possibility: “may be needed” here. Its base form is 필요하다, meaning “to be necessary” or “to be needed.” 필요할 is the form used before 수도 있다, and -(으)ㄹ 수도 있어요 is a pattern meaning “may/could ….” In this sentence, 수도 presents the need as one possible situation; the fixed English translation appropriately conveys this with “may also need.” 있어요 is the polite form of 있다; in this pattern it completes the possibility expression rather than describing physical existence. Together, 지연 때문에 gives the cause, 시간이 더 identifies additional time as what is needed, and 필요할 수도 있어요 presents that need as possible. The complete utterance means: “You may also need extra time for delays.”

5. 노트북을 방수 파우치에 넣어야 할까요?

   Should I put my laptop in a waterproof sleeve?

   노트북

   laptop

   방수

   waterproof

   파우치

   sleeve

   넣어

   put/place

   넣어야 할까요?

   Should I put ...?

   More detail

   노트북 means “laptop” here. It is a noun; Korean does not mark it as “my” by itself, even though the fixed translation identifies the laptop as the speaker’s. A useful example is 노트북을 꺼내요. — “I take out the laptop.” The object marker 을 follows this noun because it is the thing being put somewhere. 방수 means “waterproof” in 방수 파우치. It functions as a modifier before the noun, describing protection from water. 방수 is not the noun being placed; it specifies the type of pouch. For example, 방수 재킷 means “waterproof jacket.” 파우치 means “pouch” or “sleeve” here. In 방수 파우치에, the particle 에 marks the destination or container: “into the waterproof sleeve.” The same particle can mark a destination in 가방에 넣어요 — “I put it in the bag.” 넣어 comes from the verb 넣다, “to put” or “to place.” In this sentence, the observed form is the beginning of 넣어야, formed from the verb stem 넣- and the ending -어야; it is not a separate command here. A reusable example is 책을 가방에 넣어요. — “I put the book in the bag.” 넣어야 할까요? is a question pattern meaning “Should I put ...?” More literally, 넣어야 하다 expresses that someone needs to or is supposed to put something somewhere, and -ㄹ까요? turns the statement into a question asking for guidance or a decision. Here, 넣어야 is formed from 넣다 plus -어야, and 할까요 is formed from 하다 plus -ㄹ까요 in this pattern. For example, 지금 출발해야 할까요? means “Should we leave now?” Together, 노트북을 marks the laptop as the object, 방수 파우치에 marks the waterproof sleeve as the destination, and 넣어야 할까요? asks whether putting it there is the appropriate action. The complete meaning is: “Should I put my laptop in a waterproof sleeve?”

6. 젖지 않도록 가방 안에 넣어 두세요.

   Keep it inside your bag where it stays dry.

   젖지 않도록

   so that it does not get wet

   가방

   bag

   안에

   inside

   넣어 두세요

   please put it there and keep it

   More detail

   젖지 않도록 comes from 젖다 (“to get wet”) plus -지 않다 (“not get wet”) and -도록 (“so that; in such a way that”). Together, it expresses the purpose of the action: “so that it does not get wet.” The subject of 젖다 is the item whose dryness is being protected. For example, 비에 젖지 않도록 우산을 쓰세요. means “Use an umbrella so that you do not get wet.” 가방 means “bag.” It is a noun and can combine with location words such as 안 (“inside”) and 밖 (“outside”). 안에 is 안 (“inside”) plus -에, which marks a place or destination. Here it means “inside the bag.” The location marker attaches to the noun phrase before it: 가방 안에 = “inside the bag.” For example, 책을 서랍 안에 넣으세요. means “Put the book inside the drawer.” 넣어 두세요 combines 넣다 (“to put in”) with -어 두다 and the polite request ending -세요. -어 두다 presents an action as completed and left in that state, so this means “put it there and keep it there.” 넣다 is the lexical verb; 두다 adds the meaning of leaving the result in place. For example, 문을 열어 두세요. means “Please leave the door open.” Putting the parts together, 젖지 않도록 gives the purpose, 가방 안에 gives the destination, and 넣어 두세요 gives the requested action: “Keep it inside your bag so that it stays dry.” The object referred to by “it” is not named in this sentence; the wording instructs the listener to place that already-discussed item in the bag and leave it there. -세요 makes the instruction polite.

7. 그럼 평소보다 일찍 출발해야겠어요.

   Then I should leave earlier than usual.

   그럼

   then; in that case

   평소

   usual times; ordinarily

   보다

   than (comparison marker)

   일찍

   early

   출발해야겠어요

   should leave; ought to depart

   More detail

   그럼 is a conversational form meaning “then” or “in that case.” It is commonly used to connect the current conclusion to information just given. The fuller form is 그러면; 그럼 is its shortened everyday form. 평소 means “usual times” or “one’s normal routine.” It is a noun, so it can combine with particles and modifiers: 평소에 means “usually/in ordinary circumstances,” while 평소보다 sets up a comparison with the usual level or time. The sentence does not identify a particular usual departure time; it refers generally to the speaker’s normal routine. 보다 is the comparison marker in 평소보다. The pattern A보다 B means “B than A” or “B compared with A.” For example, 오늘은 평소보다 바빠요. means “Today is busier than usual.” Here, 보다 does not mean the separate verb “to see”; its role is to mark the comparison standard. 일찍 is the adverb “early.” It modifies the departure action, so it means leaving early rather than describing a person or an object. Its comparison can be expressed with 더 일찍, “earlier,” when the contrast is made more explicit. Example: 내일 더 일찍 일어날게요. — “I’ll get up earlier tomorrow.” 출발해야겠어요 is based on 출발하다, “to depart” or “to leave.” The observed form combines 출발하다 with -아/어야 하다 (“have to/must”) and -겠어요, producing the useful pattern V-아/어야겠어요. In this sentence, that pattern presents the speaker’s conclusion or intention that they should leave; it is not merely a neutral prediction about the future. Compare 출발해요 (“I/we leave” or “I/we am/are leaving”) with 출발해야겠어요 (“I/we should leave; I/we had better leave”). Together, 평소보다 일찍 means “earlier than usual,” and 출발해야겠어요 means “I should leave.” 그럼 links that conclusion to the preceding situation: “Then, I should leave earlier than usual.” The polite ending -어요 makes the utterance suitable for ordinary polite conversation.

8. 그러면 가는 길에 스트레스를 덜 받을 거예요.

   That should make the trip less stressful.

   그러면

   then; in that case

   가는 길에

   on the way

   스트레스

   stress

   덜

   less

   받을 거예요

   will receive; will get

   More detail

   그러면 means “then” or “in that case.” It links this sentence to the condition or decision just mentioned; here, the preceding plan to leave earlier provides that context. A useful contrast is 그러면 “then/in that case” versus 지금 “now,” which refers to the present time rather than a consequence. 가는 길에 describes the setting: “on the way” or “during the trip.” 가는 is the form of 가다 “to go” used before a noun: 가다 → 가는 길 “the way one goes / the trip.” 길 means “way” or “road,” and the particle 에 marks the relevant time or place. Example: 학교에 가는 길에 커피를 샀어요. — “I bought coffee on the way to school.” 스트레스 is the noun “stress.” It is a loanword used as an ordinary Korean noun and can combine with verbs such as 받다 “receive; experience” to express experiencing stress. The sentence does not treat 스트레스 as the agent; it is what is experienced. 덜 means “less” and modifies the following verb phrase. With 스트레스를 받다, 스트레스를 덜 받다 means “experience less stress.” Its opposite in this comparison is 더 “more”: 스트레스를 더 받다 means “experience more stress.” 받을 거예요 comes from 받다 “to receive; experience.” The verb stem 받- takes -을 거예요 because it ends in a consonant: 받다 → 받을 거예요. This construction commonly presents a future expectation, prediction, or planned result; here it predicts that less stress will be experienced. Example: 내일은 덜 바쁠 거예요. — “Tomorrow will probably be less busy.” Together, 그러면 sets up the result, 가는 길에 identifies the trip or time during which it applies, and 스트레스를 덜 받을 거예요 says that less stress will be experienced. The whole utterance means, “That should make the trip less stressful.”