Planning for a Very Hot Day | Learn Korean in English

Sentence explanations

1. 오늘은 정말 더울 거예요.

   It's going to be really hot today.

   오늘은

   today

   정말

   really

   더울 거예요

   will be hot

   More detail

   오늘은 means “today” as the topic of the sentence. 오늘 is the time noun “today,” and 은 marks it as the topic. This does not mean that “today” is the grammatical subject; it sets the time being discussed. Example: 오늘은 바빠요. — “I’m busy today.” 정말 is an adverb meaning “really” or “very” here. It intensifies the following description. Example: 정말 추워요. — “It’s really cold.” 더울 거예요 expresses the prediction that something will be hot. The descriptive verb is 덥다, “to be hot.” Its future or prospective form is 더울, followed by 것이에요, commonly contracted in speech and writing as 거예요. In this sentence, -을 거예요 presents the speaker’s forecast: “will be” or “is going to be.” The ㅂ in 덥다 changes in forms such as 더워요 (“is hot”) and 더울 거예요 (“will be hot”); it is the adjective 덥다 that carries this change. Example: 내일은 더울 거예요. — “Tomorrow will be hot.” Together, 오늘은 sets today as the time, 정말 intensifies the description, and 더울 거예요 predicts hot weather. The complete meaning is “It’s going to be really hot today.”

2. 하루 중 가장 더운 시간에는 걷지 않도록 해요.

   Let's avoid walking during the hottest part of the day.

   하루 중

   during the day

   가장

   most

   더운

   hot

   시간

   time

   걷지 않도록 해요

   let's avoid walking

   More detail

   하루 중 means “during a day” or, more literally, “among the parts of one day.” 하루 is the noun “one day,” and 중 marks something as being within or among a larger time or group. For example, 하루 중 언제가 가장 바빠요? means “When are you busiest during the day?” 가장 is an adverb meaning “most,” used to form a superlative. It comes before the descriptive word it modifies: 가장 더운 means “hottest.” A related comparison is 더 덥다 (“be hotter”), while 가장 덥다 (“be hottest”) selects the highest degree. 더운 is the noun-modifying form of 덥다, “to be hot.” The form changes because 덥다 is a ㅂ-irregular descriptive verb: before a vowel-initial ending it changes to 더워-, as in 날씨가 더워요 (“The weather is hot”), while before a noun it appears as 더운, as in 더운 날 (“a hot day”). Here it describes 시간, so 가장 더운 시간 means “the hottest time.” 시간 means “time” or “a period of time.” In 가장 더운 시간, it is the noun being described by 더운; it does not itself mean “day.” For example, 쉬는 시간 means “break time.” 걷지 않도록 해요 uses 걷다 (“to walk”) with the negative form 걷지 않다 (“not walk”) and the pattern -도록 하다. This pattern expresses taking action or making an effort so that something happens—or, with a negative form, does not happen. Thus 걷지 않도록 해요 means “let’s avoid walking” in this sentence. 걷다 is a ㄷ-irregular verb in some forms: 걸어요 means “walk(s),” but before the consonant-initial -지, the observed form remains 걷지. Putting the parts together, 하루 중 sets the time range, 가장 더운 identifies the highest-temperature period, and 시간에는 marks that time as the setting for the advice. The full utterance means: “Let’s avoid walking during the hottest part of the day.” The ending -도록 해요 gives the suggestion a polite, cooperative tone.

3. 나가기 전에 선크림을 바를게요.

   I'll put on sunscreen before we leave.

   나가기 전에

   before leaving

   선크림

   sunscreen

   바를게요

   I’ll apply it

   More detail

   나가기 전에 means “before leaving.” It is built from 나가다 (“to go out; to leave”) + -기 전에 (“before doing ...”). The verb is changed to its nominal form with -기, then 전에 marks the earlier time: V-기 전에 = “before V-ing.” For example, 자기 전에 이를 닦아요. means “I brush my teeth before going to bed.” The omitted subject is not specified by the Korean sentence itself; the fixed translation presents the intended event as leaving. 선크림 is the noun “sunscreen.” In the sentence, it is followed by 을, the object marker: 선크림을 identifies sunscreen as what is applied. The noun is a loanword written in Korean script, and its meaning here is the product being put on before going out. 바를게요 means “I’ll apply it” here. Its base verb is 바르다, “to apply; to put on,” and the form used before -ㄹ게요 is 바를-: 바르다 → 바를게요. The -ㄹ게요 ending presents the speaker’s intention or promise to do something, often with the listener or situation in mind. It is different from a plain future prediction; it commonly sounds like “I’ll do it.” For example, 제가 문을 닫을게요. means “I’ll close the door.” The object is understood from 선크림을, so 바를게요 refers to applying the sunscreen, not to applying an unspecified item in this sentence. Together, 나가기 전에 sets the time (“before leaving”), 선크림을 marks sunscreen as the object, and 바를게요 expresses the speaker’s intended action. The whole utterance means: “I’ll put on sunscreen before we leave.”

4. 그리고 가능하면 그늘에 있으세요.

   Stay in the shade whenever you can, too.

   그리고

   also; and

   가능하면

   if possible; whenever you can

   그늘

   shade

   있으세요

   please stay; be

   More detail

   그리고 means “and” or “also.” Here it links this advice to the preceding statement about putting on sunscreen, so “also” is the natural reading. It can connect clauses or add another item: 물도 마시고 그리고 쉬세요. — “Drink water and also rest.” 가능하면 means “if possible” or, in this advice, “whenever you can.” It is built from 가능하다 (“to be possible”) plus the conditional ending -면; the form literally presents something as a condition. 시간이 가능하면 is not the usual way to say “if you have time”; a natural example is 가능하면 일찍 오세요. — “If possible, come early.” 그늘 is the noun “shade,” meaning an area protected from direct sunlight. The following 에 marks the place where someone is or remains. For example, 나무 그늘에 앉으세요. means “Please sit in the shade of a tree.” 있으세요 comes from 있다, “to be/stay” in a place. In this sentence, 있다 describes remaining in the shade, so the translation “stay” is appropriate rather than treating it as simple existence. -세요 is a polite honorific-style request or suggestion ending; it does not itself mean “please” as a separate word. The form includes the honorific element -시-: 있- + -으시- + -어요 → 있으세요. For a non-honorific plain statement, 있어 would be used, but that is not the form observed here. Together, 그늘에 있으세요 means “stay in the shade”: 그늘에 identifies the location, and 있으세요 politely asks the listener to remain there. 가능하면 makes this advice conditional—“whenever you can”—and 그리고 adds it to the preceding sunscreen advice. The whole utterance is therefore: “Stay in the shade whenever you can, too.”

5. 이렇게 더우면 저는 금방 탈수될 수도 있어요.

   I could get dehydrated quickly in this heat.

   이렇게

   like this; to this degree

   더우면

   if/when it is hot

   저는

   as for me; I

   금방

   quickly; soon

   탈수될

   become dehydrated

   수도 있어요

   could; may

   More detail

   이렇게 means “like this” or “to this degree.” It is an adverb that points to a manner or degree. Useful related forms are 그렇게 (“like that”) and 저렇게 (“like that over there”); these are different from the observed form. Example: 이렇게 하세요. — “Do it like this.” 더우면 means “if/when it is hot.” It is the conditional form of 덥다 (“to be hot”): 덥다 → 더우면. The change from 덥- to 더우- is the ㅂ-irregular pattern before this ending. In polite present speech, the same adjective is 더워요 (“it is hot”). Example: 날씨가 더우면 물을 마셔요. — “When the weather is hot, drink water.” 저는 presents the speaker as the topic: 저 is the humble/polite first-person pronoun “I,” and 는 marks the topic. 저 does not encode gender or number. Here, the topic marking identifies the speaker as the person to whom the following possibility applies. Example: 저는 집에 있어요. — “I am at home.” 금방 means “quickly” in this sentence, describing how soon the speaker could become dehydrated. It can also mean “soon” in other contexts, so the surrounding event determines the best English rendering. Example: 금방 끝나요. — “It will finish soon.” 탈수될 comes from 탈수되다, “to become dehydrated.” The ending -(으)ㄹ makes this verb an attributive form before 수: 탈수될 수 is part of the expression for “the possibility of becoming dehydrated.” Here 탈수될 is the verb carrying this form; 탈수 is not the base form of the whole verb. Example: 운동하면 탈수될 수 있어요. — “You can become dehydrated if you exercise.” 수도 있어요 completes the possibility construction with the preceding verb: V-(으)ㄹ 수도 있다 means “may/could,” with 도 potentially adding an “also/even” nuance when relevant. 수 is part of the construction, and 있어요 is the polite present form of 있다. The negative counterpart is V-(으)ㄹ 수 없어요, “cannot.” In this sentence, the construction presents dehydration as a possible outcome, not a certain one. Example: 늦을 수도 있어요. — “I might be late.” Together, 이렇게 더우면 sets the condition “if/when it is this hot,” and 저는 identifies the speaker as the topic. 금방 says the result could occur quickly, while 탈수될 수도 있어요 expresses the possibility of becoming dehydrated. The complete meaning is: “I could get dehydrated quickly in this heat.”

6. 물을 가지고 다니고 자주 마셔요.

   Carry water and drink often.

   물을

   water

   가지고 다니고

   carry around and

   자주

   often

   마셔요

   drink

   More detail

   물을 means “water” with the object marker -을. The marker shows that water is the thing carried and drunk. 물 is the base noun; 물을 is not a plural form. For example, 책을 읽어요 means “I read a book,” with 책을 marking the object. 가지고 다니고 comes from the reusable expression 가지고 다니다, “to carry something around.” The form 가지고 connects this action to the next one: 가지고 다니고 ... means “carry ... and then/while also ...”. The lexical verb is 다니다, while 가지고 is the connected form of 가지다 (“to have/hold”). Together, 가지고 다니다 has the established meaning “to carry around,” rather than simply describing possession. For example, 우산을 가지고 다녀요 means “I carry an umbrella around.” 자주 means “often” and modifies the following action, 마셔요. It describes repeated frequency. For example, 물을 자주 마셔요 means “I drink water often.” 마셔요 is the polite present-style form of 마시다, “to drink.” The stem changes from 마시- to 마셔- in this form; it is not based on a separate verb. In context, the form can describe a habitual action and, with the fixed translation, functions as part of advice or an instruction. For example, 차를 마셔요 means “I drink tea” or, in a suitable situation, “Drink tea,” with the exact force supplied by context. Together, 물을 가지고 다니고 gives the first recommended action, “carry water around,” and 자주 마셔요 gives the connected second action, “drink often.” The full utterance therefore means: “Carry water and drink often.” The subject is omitted because Korean commonly leaves it unspoken when it is understood from the situation. The polite -요 style makes the advice courteous.

7. 나중에 더 시원해지면 공원에 가요.

   Let's visit the park later when it's cooler.

   나중에

   later

   더

   more

   시원해지면

   when it gets cooler

   공원

   park

   가요

   go / let’s go

   More detail

   나중에 means “later” and is a time expression. It can be placed before the main action to say when something will happen. Example: 나중에 만나요. — “See you later.” 더 means “more” or “to a greater degree.” Here it increases the degree of coolness expressed by 시원해지면; it does not itself mean “later.” Example: 더 크게 말해 주세요. — “Please speak louder.” 시원해지면 combines 시원하다 (“to be cool; refreshing”), -어지다 (“become”), and -면 (“if/when”). Thus, 시원해지다 means “to become cooler,” and 시원해지면 means “when it becomes cooler.” The -면 ending presents the condition or time at which the main action occurs. Example: 날씨가 따뜻해지면 산책해요. — “When the weather gets warmer, I go for a walk.” 공원 is the noun “park.” It can be followed by the destination particle 에 when saying that someone goes to the park, as in this sentence. Example: 공원에 가요. — “I go to the park” or, depending on context, “Let’s go to the park.” 가요 is the polite present-style form of 가다, “to go.” In this utterance, with the destination 공원에 and the fixed translation, it functions as a polite suggestion equivalent to “let’s go/visit.” The same form can also mean “go” in other contexts; the conversational meaning comes from the surrounding situation. Example: 집에 가요. — “I’m going home” or “Let’s go home,” depending on context. Together, 나중에 sets the time as “later.” 더 시원해지면 gives the condition or time “when it gets cooler,” and 공원에 가요 gives the proposed destination and action, “let’s go to the park.” The complete meaning is: “Let’s visit the park later when it’s cooler.”

8. 그러면 더 안전하고 편할 거예요.

   That will be safer and more comfortable.

   그러면

   then; in that case

   더

   more

   안전하고

   safe and

   편할 거예요

   will be comfortable

   More detail

   그러면 means “then” or “in that case.” It links the utterance to a condition or situation already understood, presenting what follows as its consequence. Example: 그러면 시작해요. — “Then, let’s start.” 더 means “more” and increases the degree of the following description. Here it contributes the comparison “safer” and also applies to 편하다, “comfortable,” giving “more comfortable.” It is different from 많이, which means “a lot” or “much” and does not by itself mark a comparison. 안전하고 comes from the adjective 안전하다, “to be safe.” The ending -고 connects this description to the next one: 안전하고 편하다 means “be safe and be comfortable.” The -고 form itself does not mark past or future tense. Example: 이 길은 안전하고 조용해요. — “This road is safe and quiet.” 편할 거예요 comes from the adjective 편하다, “to be comfortable” or “convenient.” Before -ㄹ 거예요, its stem takes the future/prediction form 편할; -ㄹ 거예요 presents the result as expected or predicted. The adjective’s base is 편하다, not the nearby noun or any other word. Example: 내일은 더 편할 거예요. — “Tomorrow will be more comfortable.” Together, 그러면 sets up the consequence, 더 raises the degree, and 안전하고 편할 거예요 describes the expected result: “That will be safer and more comfortable.”