Kan
“Kan” starts a question asking whether the speaker can or may do something, as in “Kan ik dit gebruiken?”. The complete request for permission comes from the whole question; “Kan” is reused at the beginning of “Kan ik hier zitten?” and “Kan ik het zien?”.
ik
“ik” means “I” and identifies the person asking for permission in “Kan ik dit gebruiken?”. It comes after “Kan” in these questions and is reused in “Kan ik hier zitten?” and “Kan ik het zien?”. This form is useful when asking about an action you want to do yourself.
dit
“dit” means “this” and points to the thing the speaker wants to use or have in “Kan ik dit gebruiken?” and “Mag ik dit hebben?”. It appears before the action word in these questions. Use “dit” when referring to the particular thing currently being indicated or discussed.
gebruiken
“gebruiken” means “use” in “Kan ik dit gebruiken?”. It names the action the speaker is asking permission to perform and appears at the end of the question after “Kan ik dit”. This form is useful in a permission question about using an object.
hier
“hier” means “here” and specifies the place in “Kan ik hier zitten?”. It appears before “zitten” to show where the speaker wants to sit. Use it when asking permission to do something at the place where the conversation is happening.
zitten
“zitten” means “sit” in “Kan ik hier zitten?”. It names the requested action and appears at the end of the question after “Kan ik hier”. This form is useful when asking permission to sit in a particular place.
Mag
“Mag” starts a question asking for permission, as in “Mag ik binnenkomen?” and “Mag ik dit hebben?”. The full permission meaning belongs to the whole question, while “Mag” introduces the request. It is useful when asking politely whether entering or having something is permitted.
binnenkomen
“binnenkomen” means “come in” in “Mag ik binnenkomen?”. It names the action the speaker wants permission to perform and appears at the end of the question after “Mag ik”. Use it when asking someone at an entrance or doorway for permission to enter.
het
“het” means “it” in “Kan ik het zien?” and “Kan ik het proberen?”. It refers to the thing the speaker wants to see or try and appears before the action word. Use “het” when the specific object is already clear from the situation.
zien
“zien” means “see” in “Kan ik het zien?”. It names the action the speaker is asking permission to perform and appears at the end of the question after “Kan ik het”. This form is useful when asking to look at something.
proberen
“proberen” means “try” in “Kan ik het proberen?”. It names the action the speaker wants permission to perform with the thing referred to by “het”. It appears at the end of the question and is useful when asking to try something.
hebben
“hebben” means “have” in “Mag ik dit hebben?”. It names what the speaker wants permission to have and appears at the end of the question after “Mag ik dit”. Use it when asking whether you may have or take the particular thing indicated by “dit”.