Pardon
Pardon is a polite way to get someone’s attention or say excuse me, as in Pardon, ik denk dat het einde van de rij achter ons is. Use Pardon before a question or brief explanation when speaking to an unfamiliar person.
ik
ik means I and is the speaker in ik denk dat het einde van de rij achter ons is. It appears before the verb in ik denk and ik had niet gezien. Use ik when describing your own thought, experience, or action.
denk
denk means think in ik denk dat het einde van de rij achter ons is. It introduces the speaker’s opinion about where the line ends. A reusable pattern is ik denk dat + a statement.
dat
In ik denk dat het einde van de rij achter ons is, dat introduces the content of the thought: the end of the line is behind us. In Dat gebeurt als het hier zo druk wordt, Dat refers to the situation just mentioned. Use dat after expressions such as ik denk dat when introducing a statement.
het
In het einde, het is the definite article meaning the. In als het hier zo druk wordt, it is part of the expression describing the place becoming crowded. Reuse the exact noun phrase het einde van de rij for the end of the line.
einde
einde means end in het einde van de rij, referring to the back point of the queue. The phrase van de rij connects the end specifically to the line. Use het einde van + a place, group, or thing when identifying its end.
van
In het einde van de rij, van links the end to the line and means of the line. In van hier, it marks the viewpoint or starting place, meaning from here. The meaning depends on the exact phrase: het einde van de rij and van hier.
de
de is the definite article in de rij and de persoon met de grijze jas, meaning the. It introduces the specific queue and the specific person being identified. Reuse de before these exact noun phrases when referring to them in this situation.
rij
rij means line or queue in de rij and het einde van de rij. It refers to the line of people waiting. You can also use it in the exact pattern waar de rij eindigde when asking where the queue ended.
achter
achter means behind in achter ons and achter de persoon met de grijze jas. It places one person or thing at the rear of another. Reuse achter + a person or group when describing position in a line.
ons
ons means us in achter ons, so achter ons means behind us. It refers to the people speaking or standing together. Use ons after a location word when the location is relative to us, as in achter ons.
is
is says where the end of the line is in het einde van de rij achter ons is. It connects the end of the line with its location behind the speakers. A reusable pattern is X is achter Y for describing a position.
Sorry
Sorry is an apology in Sorry, ik had niet gezien waar de rij eindigde. Here it politely acknowledges the mistake before explaining it. Use Sorry at the start of a brief apology to another person.
had
In had niet gezien, had helps express that the failure to notice occurred before the current explanation. The complete phrase is ik had niet gezien waar de rij eindigde. Reuse had ... gezien when referring to something that had not been noticed earlier.
niet
niet makes the action or experience negative in had niet gezien and wilde niet voordringen. It tells the listener that the person had not noticed and did not intend to cut in. Reuse niet before the relevant verb phrase, as in niet voordringen.
gezien
gezien means seen or noticed in ik had niet gezien waar de rij eindigde. With had, it describes what B had failed to notice before speaking. The related verb is zien, and the reusable dialogue pattern is had niet gezien waar ... .
waar
waar introduces the place being identified in waar de rij eindigde, meaning where the line ended. It connects a question or explanation to a location clause. Reuse waar + a statement when identifying where something is or ends.
eindigde
eindigde describes the point where the queue ended in waar de rij eindigde. It is the form used for the line’s endpoint in this reported explanation. The related verb is eindigen; a reusable pattern is waar ... eindigde.
borden
borden means signs in De borden zijn van hier moeilijk te zien. It refers to the signs that help people recognize the line. Reuse de borden when talking about these specific signs.
zijn
zijn says what is true of the signs in De borden zijn van hier moeilijk te zien. It connects the signs with the description moeilijk te zien. A reusable pattern is a noun + zijn + description, as in De borden zijn moeilijk te zien.
hier
hier means here in van hier, identifying the speakers’ current viewpoint. In het hier zo druk wordt, it refers to this place as it becomes crowded. Use hier when pointing to the place where the speaker is.
moeilijk
moeilijk means difficult or hard in moeilijk te zien, describing how difficult it is to see the signs. It modifies the activity of seeing rather than naming a separate object. Reuse moeilijk te + verb when an activity is difficult.
te
te marks the infinitive in moeilijk te zien, meaning hard to see. It connects moeilijk with the action zien. Reuse the exact pattern adjective + te + verb when describing an activity.
zien
zien means see in moeilijk te zien. Here it refers to seeing the signs from the speakers’ position. The reusable phrase is moeilijk te zien, meaning difficult to see.
Zal
Zal begins the polite proposal or question Zal ik achter de persoon met de grijze jas gaan staan? and asks whether the speaker should do something. The reusable pattern is Zal ik + action? when offering or checking an action.
persoon
persoon means person in de persoon met de grijze jas. It identifies the individual whom B should stand behind by adding a clothing description. Reuse de persoon met + a description when identifying someone.
met
met means with in de persoon met de grijze jas. It links the person to the gray coat that identifies them. Reuse persoon met + a distinguishing feature when describing which person you mean.
grijze
grijze means gray in de grijze jas. It describes the coat and helps identify the person in the line. Reuse the exact phrase de grijze jas when referring to this coat.
jas
jas means coat or jacket in de grijze jas. The coat is the feature used to identify the person. Use de jas when referring to the specific coat in this situation.
gaan
In gaan staan, gaan indicates moving into the action or position of standing. In Zal ik achter de persoon met de grijze jas gaan staan?, it describes moving behind that person and taking a place there. Reuse gaan staan when someone moves to stand somewhere.
staan
staan means stand in gaan staan and achteraan staan. It describes the person’s resulting position in the queue. Reuse achteraan staan when saying that someone will stand at the back.
Doe
Doe is the command form used in Doe dat maar, meaning do that or go ahead. It refers back to the proposed action of moving behind the person. Use Doe dat maar to give permission or an encouraging instruction.
maar
In Doe dat maar, maar softens the instruction and gives permission to go ahead; it does not mean but here. The whole expression is a natural response to someone asking Zal ik ...? Reuse the exact pattern Doe dat maar when accepting a proposed action.
iedereen
iedereen means everyone in iedereen wacht al een tijdje. It refers to all the people waiting in the line. Use iedereen as the subject when talking about all people in a group.
wacht
wacht says that everyone is waiting in iedereen wacht al een tijdje. It describes the ongoing situation in the line. Reuse the pattern iedereen wacht + a time expression when explaining that all people have been waiting.
al
al means already or by now in al een tijdje, showing that the waiting has continued up to the present. It combines with een tijdje to mean for a while. Reuse the exact phrase al een tijdje when describing an ongoing situation.
een
een means a in een tijdje, giving the phrase the meaning a while. Here it is not counting one separate item; it forms the time expression een tijdje. Reuse een + time noun when referring to an unspecified period.
tijdje
tijdje means a while in een tijdje. Together with al, al een tijdje says that something has continued for a while. Reuse the exact phrase een tijdje for a short or unspecified period of time.
wilde
wilde expresses intention in Ik wilde niet voordringen: I did not intend to cut in. It combines with niet and the action voordringen to deny that intention. Reuse ik wilde niet + an action when explaining that you did not mean to do something.
voordringen
voordringen means cut in line in Ik wilde niet voordringen. It names the action B is apologizing for appearing to do. Reuse niet voordringen when saying that someone should not move ahead of people who are already waiting.
gebeurt
gebeurt means happens in Dat gebeurt als het hier zo druk wordt. It refers to the situation of someone cutting in when the area is crowded. Reuse Dat gebeurt als + a situation when explaining when something happens.
als
als means when in Dat gebeurt als het hier zo druk wordt, introducing the situation in which something happens. It links the main statement to the condition of the area becoming crowded. Reuse als + a clause to describe when an event occurs.
zo
zo means so or this much in zo druk, intensifying the description of how crowded the place is. The exact phrase het hier zo druk wordt means the place gets this crowded. Reuse zo + an adjective when emphasizing a degree.
druk
druk means crowded or busy in het hier zo druk wordt. It describes the condition of the area, not the people’s action itself. Reuse druk worden when describing a place becoming crowded.
wordt
wordt means becomes or gets in het hier zo druk wordt. It describes a change into the crowded state expressed by druk. The related verb is worden; reuse het wordt + a description when saying that a place or situation becomes something.
nu
nu means now in Ik ga nu achteraan staan. It marks the time of the speaker’s next action. Reuse nu before or near the verb when announcing an action that will happen immediately.
achteraan
achteraan means at the back in Ik ga nu achteraan staan. It identifies the position B will take in the queue. Reuse achteraan staan when saying that someone is standing at the back of a line.