Ik
Ik means “I” as the speaker who noticed the charge. It is used as the subject before the verb, as in Ik zag. A reusable pattern is Ik + verb when describing your own action.
zag
Zag means “saw” or “noticed” in Ik zag op mijn rekeningoverzicht. It refers here to noticing something listed on an account statement. A reusable pattern is Ik zag + object for something you noticed.
op
Op means “on” in op mijn rekeningoverzicht, indicating where the charge appeared. It is used before the place or surface connected with the information. A reusable pattern is op + noun, such as op mijn rekeningoverzicht.
mijn
Mijn means “my” and identifies the account statement as belonging to the speaker. It comes directly before rekeningoverzicht in mijn rekeningoverzicht. A reusable pattern is mijn + noun when referring to something that belongs to you.
rekeningoverzicht
Rekeningoverzicht means “account statement,” the document or view showing account activity. In op mijn rekeningoverzicht, it identifies where the charge was seen. A reusable expression is op mijn rekeningoverzicht when referring to information shown on your statement.
een
Een means “a” or “an” in een afschrijving, introducing one unspecified charge. It comes before the singular noun afschrijving. A reusable pattern is een + singular noun when introducing something not yet specifically identified.
afschrijving
Afschrijving means a charge or debit recorded on the account. In een afschrijving die ik niet herken, it is the bank entry that the speaker does not recognize. A reusable pattern is een afschrijving op een rekeningoverzicht.
die
Die introduces the clause that describes the specific afschrijving: die ik niet herken. It links the noun to information about which charge is meant. A reusable pattern is noun + die + clause when adding a description of that noun.
niet
Niet negates the recognition in ik niet herken, showing that the speaker does not recognize the charge. It appears with the verb herken in this clause. A reusable pattern is niet + verb or verb phrase when denying an action or state.
herken
Herken means “recognize” in ik niet herken, referring to identifying the charge as familiar. The form is used with Ik as the subject. A reusable pattern is Ik herken + object when saying that you recognize something.
We
We means “we,” referring to the banking support staff and the customer together. It is the subject of We kunnen een geschil openen. A reusable pattern is We + verb when describing an action taken jointly.
kunnen
Kunnen means “can” or “are able to” in We kunnen een geschil openen. It expresses that opening a dispute is possible, and it is followed by the action openen. A reusable pattern is We kunnen + infinitive for an available or possible action.
geschil
Geschil means “dispute,” here a formal disagreement about the charge. In een geschil openen, it names the case that can be initiated. A reusable expression is een geschil openen.
openen
Openen means “open” in een geschil openen, meaning to initiate a dispute. It follows kunnen in We kunnen een geschil openen. A reusable pattern is kunnen + openen with the item being opened after the modal verb.
nadat
Nadat means “after” and introduces the action that must be completed first: nadat we de omschrijving van de handelaar hebben gecontroleerd. It connects the timing of checking with the later opening of the dispute. A reusable pattern is nadat + clause for an action that happens after another one.
de
De means “the” before omschrijving in de omschrijving van de handelaar. It identifies a specific description already relevant to the discussion. A reusable pattern is de + noun when referring to a particular item.
omschrijving
Omschrijving means “description,” here the text identifying the charge or merchant. In de omschrijving van de handelaar, it is the merchant’s description that must be checked. A reusable expression is de omschrijving van de handelaar.
van
Van means “of” in de omschrijving van de handelaar, showing whose description it is. It links omschrijving to handelaar. A reusable pattern is noun + van + noun to express a relationship such as ownership or association.
handelaar
Handelaar means “merchant,” the business connected with the description of the charge. In van de handelaar, it identifies whose description is being checked. A reusable expression is de omschrijving van de handelaar.
hebben
Hebben means “have” in hebben gecontroleerd, where it helps form the completed checking action. It follows we in nadat we de omschrijving van de handelaar hebben gecontroleerd. A reusable pattern is we hebben + completed action.
gecontroleerd
Gecontroleerd means “checked” in hebben gecontroleerd. Together with hebben, it describes checking the merchant description before proceeding. A reusable pattern is hebben + object + gecontroleerd when reporting that something has been checked.
is
Is means “is” in de omschrijving is vaag, linking the description with its quality. It introduces the description of the current state. A reusable pattern is noun + is + adjective.
vaag
Vaag means “vague” or lacking enough detail to identify the charge. In de omschrijving is vaag, it explains why the speaker cannot determine the source. A reusable pattern is iets is vaag when information is unclear or nonspecific.
dus
Dus means “so” or “therefore,” connecting the vague description with the consequence that the speaker cannot tell its source. It introduces the result of the preceding information. A reusable pattern is statement, dus + result.
kan
Kan means “can” in ik kan niet zien waar die vandaan komt, expressing ability or inability. It is followed by the infinitive zien. A reusable pattern is ik kan + infinitive when describing what you are able to do.
zien
Zien normally means “see,” but in ik kan niet zien waar die vandaan komt it means determine or tell where the charge came from. It follows kan as the action that is not possible. A reusable pattern is ik kan niet zien + clause when you cannot determine something.
waar
Waar means “where” in waar die vandaan komt, introducing the place or source being determined. It begins the clause that explains the origin of the charge. A reusable pattern is waar + clause when asking or explaining where something comes from.
vandaan
Vandaan contributes the meaning “from there” in waar die vandaan komt and marks the source or origin. It works together with waar and komt to express where something comes from. A reusable pattern is waar ... vandaan komt for identifying an origin.
komt
Komt means “comes” in waar die vandaan komt, describing the source from which the charge originates. It appears at the end of the clause with vandaan. A reusable pattern is waar iets vandaan komt when asking or explaining its origin.
Sommige
Sommige means “some,” referring to an unspecified part of a larger group. In Sommige betalingsverwerkers, it introduces certain payment processors rather than all of them. A reusable pattern is Sommige + plural noun.
betalingsverwerkers
Betalingsverwerkers means “payment processors,” the companies or services handling payments. It is the subject of Sommige betalingsverwerkers gebruiken een naam. A reusable pattern is betalingsverwerkers gebruiken + object when describing what these services do.
gebruiken
Gebruiken means “use” in betalingsverwerkers gebruiken een naam. It describes the processors applying a particular name in their payment information. A reusable pattern is subject + gebruiken + object.
naam
Naam means “name,” here the name shown by a payment processor. In een naam die afwijkt van de winkelnaam, it is compared with the shop name customers know. A reusable pattern is een naam gebruiken when referring to a name that a service displays or applies.
afwijkt
Afwijkt means “differs” in een naam die afwijkt van de winkelnaam. It describes the name as not matching the shop name customers see. A reusable pattern is iets dat afwijkt van + noun when saying that something differs from another thing.
winkelnaam
Winkelnaam means “shop name,” the name customers see for the shop. In de winkelnaam die klanten zien, it is the name used by the shop itself. A reusable expression is afwijken van de winkelnaam.
klanten
Klanten means “customers,” the people who see the shop name. It is the subject of klanten zien in the relative clause. A reusable pattern is klanten zien + object when describing information visible to customers.
controleer
Controleer means “check” in Ik controleer mijn recente kassabonnen. It describes the speaker’s planned action of examining recent receipts. A reusable pattern is Ik controleer + object when saying that you will check something.
recente
Recente means “recent” and describes the kassabonnen as belonging to the near past. It comes before recente kassabonnen. A reusable pattern is recente + noun when referring to something from a recent period.
kassabonnen
Kassabonnen means “receipts,” specifically the receipts being checked against the unfamiliar charge. In mijn recente kassabonnen, they are the speaker’s recent purchase records. A reusable expression is recente kassabonnen controleren.
voordat
Voordat means “before” and introduces the action that will happen before filing the dispute. In voordat ik een formeel geschil indien, it sets the order of the two actions. A reusable pattern is voordat + clause for saying what happens earlier.
formeel
Formeel means “formal” in een formeel geschil, describing the dispute as an official or formal one. It comes before geschil. A reusable pattern is een formeel + noun when describing a formal process or matter.
indien
Indien is used here for filing or submitting a formal dispute in een formeel geschil indien. It is the action placed after voordat ik in the time clause. A reusable pattern from the dialogue is voordat ik een formeel geschil indien.
Dat
Dat means “that” or “it” and refers to checking the receipts before filing the dispute. As the subject of Dat kan vertraging voorkomen, it presents that earlier action as something that can have a result. A reusable pattern is Dat kan + infinitive when describing what an action can achieve.
vertraging
Vertraging means “delay,” an unwanted wait in the dispute process. In vertraging voorkomen, it is the problem that can be avoided. A reusable expression is vertraging voorkomen.
voorkomen
Voorkomen means “prevent” or “avoid” in vertraging voorkomen. It follows kan and expresses the possible result of recognizing the charge early. A reusable pattern is kan + object + voorkomen for saying that something can be prevented.
als
Als means “if” and introduces the condition als u de afschrijving herkent. It also begins the later conditional sentence in the dialogue. A reusable pattern is als + clause when describing a condition.
u
U means formal “you” in als u de afschrijving herkent. It addresses the customer respectfully as the subject of herkent. A reusable pattern is u + verb in formal communication.
herkent
Herkent means “recognize” in als u de afschrijving herkent, referring to identifying the charge as familiar. It is used with the formal subject u. A reusable pattern is als u + object + herkent when describing recognition by a customer.
het
Het means “it” in het dan nog steeds niet duidelijk is, referring to the situation or matter under discussion. It is used with duidelijk to describe whether the situation is clear. A reusable pattern is het is + adjective when describing a situation.
dan
Dan means “then” in het dan nog steeds niet duidelijk is, marking the situation at that point in the process. It helps connect the unresolved result with the next request. A reusable pattern is als ..., dan ... when describing what follows a condition.
nog
Nog contributes the meaning “still” in nog steeds niet duidelijk, showing that the lack of clarity continues. It works with steeds to emphasize an ongoing state. A reusable expression is nog steeds + adjective for something that remains so.
steeds
Steeds reinforces the continuing meaning of nog steeds in nog steeds niet duidelijk. Together, nog steeds means “still,” indicating that the situation has not changed. A reusable pattern is nog steeds + adjective or state.
duidelijk
Duidelijk means “clear” in niet duidelijk, describing whether the source of the transaction can be understood. With niet, it says that the matter is not clear. A reusable pattern is iets is duidelijk when information or a situation is clear.
wil
Wil means “want” in wil ik dat de transactie wordt onderzocht. It expresses the speaker’s request for the transaction to be investigated. A reusable pattern is wil ik dat + clause when stating what you want to happen.
transactie
Transactie means “transaction,” the specific banking event whose source is uncertain. In de transactie wordt onderzocht, it is the thing that will be investigated. A reusable expression is de transactie wordt onderzocht.
wordt
Wordt is used with onderzocht to form the passive meaning “is investigated” in de transactie wordt onderzocht. It shows that the transaction receives the action rather than performing it. A reusable pattern is noun + wordt + past participle for a passive action.
onderzocht
Onderzocht means “investigated” or “examined” in wordt onderzocht. Together with wordt, it describes the bank examining the transaction. A reusable expression is de transactie wordt onderzocht.
leggen
Leggen is part of leggen ... vast in We leggen uw melding vast, meaning that the staff records the customer’s report. The verb and vast are separated in this sentence. A reusable pattern is subject + leggen + object + vast when recording something.
uw
Uw means formal “your” and identifies the melding as belonging to the customer. It comes before uw melding in the support-desk context. A reusable pattern is uw + noun in formal communication.
melding
Melding means “report” or “notification,” here the customer’s report about the unfamiliar charge. In uw melding vastleggen, it is the concern that the staff records. A reusable expression is uw melding vastleggen.
vast
Vast completes leggen ... vast, which means recording the customer’s report or putting it on record. It appears later than leggen because the expression is split in this sentence. A reusable pattern is leggen + object + vast.
en
En means “and” and links the two support actions in We leggen uw melding vast en starten de beoordeling. It connects actions of equal importance. A reusable pattern is clause en clause when joining two actions.
starten
Starten means “start” or “begin” in starten de beoordeling. It describes beginning the review after recording the report. A reusable pattern is subject + starten + object when saying that someone begins a process.
beoordeling
Beoordeling means “review” or “assessment,” here the examination of the reported charge. In de beoordeling starten, it is the process the support staff begins. A reusable expression is de beoordeling starten.