About This Lesson
Use Responsible Paraphrasing and Citation to practice Chinese conversation, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and quizzes.
Dialogue
A
我担心我的改写和原文太接近了。
wǒ dānxīn wǒ de gǎixiě hé yuánwén tài jiējìn le. I worry that my paraphrases stay too close to the sources.
B
一个有用的判断方法是看句子结构有没有改变。
yí ge yǒuyòng de pànduàn fāngfǎ shì kàn jùzi jiégòu yǒu méiyǒu gǎibiàn. A useful test is whether the sentence structure has changed.
A
有时候我会改换词语，但保留原来的逻辑。
yǒu shíhou wǒ huì gǎihuàn cíyǔ, dàn bǎoliú yuánlái de luóji. Sometimes I change vocabulary but keep the original logic.
B
这样一来，改写可能仍然过度依赖原文。
zhèyàng yī lái, gǎixiě kěnéng réngrán guòdù yīlài yuánwén. Then the paraphrase may still depend too heavily on the source.
A
我也许应该先关掉文章，再开始起草。
wǒ yěxǔ yīnggāi xiān guāndiào wénzhāng, zài kāishǐ qǐcǎo. I should probably close the article before drafting.
B
这样可以促使你用自己的话重新组织这个观点。
zhèyàng kěyǐ cùshǐ nǐ yòng zìjǐ de huà chóngxīn zǔzhī zhège guāndiǎn. That can force you to reconstruct the idea in your own terms.
A
即使措辞不同，我也应该为这些论点注明出处。
jíshǐ cuòcí bùtóng, wǒ yě yīnggāi wèi zhèxiē lùndiǎn zhùmíng chūchù. I should also cite claims even when the wording differs.
B
这很重要，因为观点也需要注明来源。
zhè hěn zhòngyào, yīnwèi guāndiǎn yě xūyào zhùmíng láiyuán. That is essential, because ideas require attribution too.Word by Word
我
我 refers to the speaker, meaning I or me in this dialogue. It commonly appears before the verb or description in a sentence.
担心
担心 expresses worry or concern about a situation, here the speaker’s paraphrases being too close to the sources. It commonly takes the situation or person that causes concern after it.
我的
我的 means my, marking that the paraphrases belong to or are associated with the speaker. It is formed by placing 我 before 的 and commonly comes before a noun.
改写
改写 means a paraphrase or a rewritten version, here referring to the speaker’s rewritten source material. It can be used for the act of rewriting or for the resulting text, depending on its position.
和
和 links 改写 and 原文, showing the relationship between the paraphrases and the original text. It commonly connects two nouns or noun phrases.
原文
原文 means the original text that the speaker is paraphrasing. It is used for the source wording or text before it has been rewritten.
太
太 marks an excessive degree in 太接近了, meaning too close. It commonly comes before an adjective or description when the degree goes beyond what is wanted.
接近
接近 means be close to, and here describes the paraphrases as close to the original text. It commonly appears with 和 or another phrase identifying what something is close to.
了
了 presents 太接近了 as the current resulting situation: the paraphrases have ended up being too close. Here it does not simply mark an isolated completed action.
一个
一个 introduces one useful method, meaning a or one in 一个有用的判断方法. It is commonly placed before a noun phrase when referring to one item.
有用
有用 describes the judgment method as useful or helpful. It commonly comes before 的 plus a noun to describe something that has practical value.
的
的 links 有用 to 判断方法, making 有用 describe the following noun phrase. It commonly connects a description or possessor to a noun.
判断
判断 refers to assessing or deciding something, here as part of the method for judging whether the sentence structure changed. In 判断方法, it describes the purpose of the method.
方法
方法 means a method or way of doing something, here a way to assess a paraphrase. It commonly follows a description of the task or purpose, as in 判断方法.
是
是 links the judgment method with the test that defines it: 看句子结构有没有改变. It presents the following phrase as what the method consists of.
看
看 means check or see in 看句子结构有没有改变, introducing what should be examined. It commonly comes before the thing being checked and a question-like clause.
句子
句子 means sentence, here referring to the sentence whose structure is being checked. It commonly comes before another noun to form a specific noun phrase.
结构
结构 means structure, here the organization of the sentence. It commonly follows the noun it describes or is used as the subject of a statement about organization.
有没有
有没有 asks whether something exists or is present or not in the clause 看句子结构有没有改变. It combines 有, which presents the presence of a change, with 没有, which presents its absence, forming an either-or check.
改变
改变 means change, here referring to a change in sentence structure. It can be used after the thing that changes or after 有没有 to ask whether a change occurred.
有时候
有时候 means sometimes and introduces an action that happens on some occasions, here changing the vocabulary. It commonly appears at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb.
会
会 presents 改换词语 as something the speaker sometimes does or tends to do. With 有时候, it commonly marks a recurring or possible action rather than a guaranteed event.
改换
改换 means change or replace one set of wording with another, here changing the words while keeping the logic. It commonly takes the words or thing being replaced as its object.
词语
词语 means words or word choices, here the vocabulary that the speaker changes. It refers to the wording used to express an idea and can follow verbs such as 改换.
但
但 introduces a contrast between changing the words and keeping the original logic. It commonly connects two clauses when the second clause limits or contrasts with the first.
保留
保留 means keep or retain, here keeping the original logic unchanged. It commonly takes the thing that remains, such as an idea, feature, or structure, as its object.
原来
原来 means original or previous in 原来的逻辑, referring to the logic that was already present in the source. It commonly comes before 的 plus a noun to describe something from an earlier version.
逻辑
逻辑 means logic, here the reasoning or organization of the original source’s idea. It commonly follows 保留 when the reasoning is kept while other wording changes.
这样一来
这样一来 means as a result or in that situation, linking the preceding action with its consequence. 这样 refers to the situation just described, while 一来 frames the result that follows.
可能
可能 indicates possibility in 改写可能仍然过度依赖原文, so the continued dependence is presented as possible rather than certain. It commonly comes before the verb or description that may occur.
仍然
仍然 means still, showing that the paraphrase may continue to depend on the source even after some changes. It commonly appears before the verb or description that remains true.
过度
过度 marks an excessive degree in 过度依赖原文, meaning the dependence goes beyond an appropriate amount. It commonly comes before an action or relationship that is excessive.
依赖
依赖 means depend on or rely on, here depending too heavily on the original text. It commonly takes the person, thing, or source being relied on after it.
也许
也许 means perhaps or maybe, making the speaker’s proposed action less certain in 我也许应该先关掉文章. It commonly appears before the verb or modal expression expressing the possibility.
应该
应该 expresses what the speaker thinks is advisable or ought to be done, here closing the article before drafting. It commonly comes before the action that is recommended.
先
先 means first or beforehand, marking 关掉文章 as the earlier action in the sequence 先关掉文章，再开始起草. It commonly appears before the first verb in an ordered pair of actions.
关掉
关掉 means close or turn off, here closing the article before starting to draft. It commonly takes the document, device, or other thing that is being closed or turned off as its object.
文章
文章 means an article or written text, here the source article that the speaker should close. It can refer to a piece of writing that is being read, studied, or drafted.
再
再 means then or afterward, marking 开始起草 as the action that follows closing the article. Together with 先, it commonly shows the order of two actions.
开始
开始 means begin or start, here introducing the beginning of drafting. It commonly comes before an activity or verb phrase that is about to start.
起草
起草 means draft or draw up, here referring to producing a first version after closing the article. It is commonly used for formal writing such as an article, proposal, or document.
这样
这样 refers to the way or method just described, namely closing the article before drafting. It commonly comes before 可以 or another expression that states the result of using that method.
可以
可以 means can or makes it possible in 这样可以促使你..., describing the possible effect of the method. It commonly comes before the action or result that is possible.
促使
促使 means prompt or cause someone to do something, here causing you to reconstruct the idea in your own words. It commonly follows the cause and takes a person followed by an action.
你
你 refers to the person being addressed, meaning you in 促使你用自己的话重新组织这个观点. It commonly appears before the action that the addressed person performs.
用
用 means use or with, here marking 自己的话 as the means used to reconstruct the idea. It commonly follows 用 with a tool, language, method, or material before the main verb.
自己
自己 means oneself or one’s own, emphasizing that the words belong to the person doing the reconstructing. In 自己的话, it commonly appears before 的 or a noun phrase to mark personal ownership or authorship.
话
话 means words or a way of expressing something, here the learner’s own wording for the idea. In 用自己的话, it refers to expressing the idea in personal wording rather than copying the source.
重新
重新 means again or anew, showing that the idea is organized afresh in 重新组织这个观点. It commonly comes before the verb describing the repeated or renewed action.
组织
组织 means organize or reconstruct, here reorganizing the idea into the learner’s own wording. It commonly takes an idea, information, or material as its object.
这个
这个 identifies a particular item, here the specific viewpoint already under discussion. It commonly comes before a noun to point to one concrete person, thing, or idea.
观点
观点 means viewpoint or idea, here the idea being reconstructed and later attributed. It commonly refers to a position or thought expressed in academic or other formal discussion.
即使
即使 introduces a condition that does not change the main requirement, here even when the wording is different. It commonly begins a subordinate clause before the main clause.
措辞
措辞 means wording, here the particular way in which a claim or idea is expressed. It commonly appears with 不同 or other descriptions of how an expression is phrased.
不同
不同 means different or differ, here stating that the wording is not the same. It commonly follows the thing being compared or appears after 是 to describe a difference.
也
也 means also or too, adding citation as another requirement for the speaker. It commonly appears before the verb or phrase that is additionally included.
为
为 marks the claims as the things for which a source should be indicated in 为这些论点注明出处. It commonly appears before the person or thing receiving an action or benefit.
这些
这些 means these, pointing to the particular claims under discussion. It commonly comes before a noun to identify several specific items.
论点
论点 means claims or arguments, here the academic points that need a source attribution. It commonly refers to a position or assertion presented in an argument.
注明
注明 means indicate or cite, here indicating the source of the claims. It commonly takes the information to be indicated, with 出处 specifying the source that should be given.
出处
出处 means the source or origin of information or wording, here the source that should be identified for the claims. It commonly follows 注明 when a citation or source reference is being specified.
这
这 refers to the point just discussed, namely the requirement to cite claims even when the wording differs. It commonly points back to a preceding fact, action, or whole situation.
很
很 intensifies 重要 in 很重要, meaning very or quite important. It commonly comes before an adjective or description.
重要
重要 means important or essential, here describing citation as necessary even when the wording changes. It commonly follows a degree word such as 很 or serves as the main description of a situation.
因为
因为 introduces the reason for the preceding statement: ideas also need attribution. It commonly begins a reason clause that explains why the main statement holds.
需要
需要 means need or require, here stating that ideas require attribution. It commonly comes before the thing needed or before an action that must be carried out.
来源
来源 means source or origin, here the source that should be identified for an idea. It commonly follows 需要 when stating what information or reference an idea requires.
Grammar Points
即使……，……
即使措辞不同，观点重要。
jíshǐ cuòcí bùtóng, guāndiǎn zhòngyào.Even if the wording is different, the viewpoint is important.
即使 introduces a hypothetical or concessive condition. The following clause states what remains true despite that condition.
Chinese Vocabulary
保留
verb
bǎoliú
to retain; to keep
词语
noun
cíyǔ
wording; words and expressions
担心
verb
dānxīn
to worry; to be concerned
改变
verb
gǎibiàn
to change; to alter
改换
verb
gǎihuàn
to change; to replace with something else
改写
phrase
gǎixiě
to paraphrase; paraphrase
Rewriting or paraphrasing existing text in different wording.
接近
verb
jiējìn
to be close to; to approach
句子结构
noun
jùzi jiégòu
sentence structure
逻辑
noun
luóji
logic
判断方法
phrase
pànduàn fāngfǎ
way to judge; method of assessment
依赖
verb
yīlài
to depend on; to rely on
原文
noun
yuánwén
the original text
Quiz
Spelling
Tap the letters to spell the word.
way to judge; method of assessment
Show Answer
判断方法sentence structure
Show Answer
句子结构to retain; to keep
Show Answer
保留to depend on; to rely on