About This Lesson
Use Managing presentation anxiety through structure to practice Chinese conversation, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and quizzes.
Dialogue
A
我知道这些材料，但一到做展示的时候，我的思路就会变得很散乱。
wǒ zhī dào zhè xiē cái liào, dàn yí dào zuò zhǎn shì de shí hou, wǒ de sī lù jiù huì biàn de hěn sǎn luàn. I know the material, but presenting makes my thinking scattered.
B
即使准备得很充分，焦虑也可能打乱展示的结构。
jí shǐ zhǔn bèi de hěn chōng fèn, jiāo lǜ yě kě néng dǎ luàn zhǎn shì de jié gòu. Anxiety can disrupt the structure of a presentation, even when you are well prepared.
A
我往往会很快地讲完复杂的过渡部分。
wǒ wǎng wǎng huì hěn kuài de jiǎng wán fù zá de guò dù bù fen. I tend to rush through complex transitions.
B
把过渡部分在笔记中标出来，可能会有帮助。
bǎ guò dù bù fen zài bǐ jì zhōng biāo chū lái, kě néng huì yǒu bāng zhù. Highlighting transitions in your notes may help.
A
我也可以只排练那些困难的部分。
wǒ yě kě yǐ zhǐ pái liàn nà xiē kùn nan de bù fen. I could also rehearse only the difficult sections.
B
这样效率更高，因为并不是每个部分都需要同样多的练习。
zhè yàng xiào lǜ gèng gāo, yīn wèi bìng bú shì měi ge bù fen dōu xū yào tóng yàng duō de liàn xí. That is efficient, since not every part needs equal practice.
A
我希望自己听起来准备充分，但又不显得像在背诵。
wǒ xī wàng zì jǐ tīng qǐ lái zhǔn bèi chōng fèn, dàn yòu bù xiǎn de xiàng zài bèi sòng. I want to sound prepared without seeming memorized.
B
尽量使用灵活的提示语，而不是固定的句子。
jǐn liàng shǐ yòng líng huó de tí shì yǔ, ér bú shì gù dìng de jù zi. Aim for flexible signposts rather than fixed sentences.Word by Word
我
In “我知道”, “我” means “I” and refers to the speaker. It commonly comes before the verb or description of what the speaker does or experiences. Use it when talking about your own knowledge, plans, or reactions.
知道
In “我知道这些材料”, “知道” means “know” or “be aware of”. It takes the thing known directly after it, as in “知道这些材料”. Use it when stating that you have information or awareness.
这些
In “这些材料”, “这些” means “these” and identifies more than one item near the speaker or already under discussion. It comes before the noun it describes. Use it to point out a specific group of things.
材料
In “这些材料”, “材料” refers to the presentation material or materials being discussed. It is the object of “知道” here. Use it for content, documents, or other material relevant to a task.
但
In “但一到做展示的时候”, “但” introduces a contrast with the preceding statement: the speaker knows the material, but presenting causes a problem. It commonly links two contrasting clauses. Use it when the second point differs from or limits the first.
一到
In “一到做展示的时候”, “一” contributes the meaning of “once” and “到” means “reach or come to”; together, “一到” means “once it comes to” or “whenever it is time for”. The construction introduces the situation that triggers the result in the following clause. Use it before a time, event, or situation, commonly with a following result marked by “就”.
做
In “做展示”, “做” contributes the action of carrying out or giving a presentation. Here it combines with “展示” to describe the activity rather than simply making an object. Use it before an activity or task that someone carries out.
展示
In “做展示”, “展示” refers to the presentation the speaker gives. It functions as the activity following “做”. Use it when talking about presenting information, work, or ideas.
的
In “做展示的时候”, “的” links the preceding activity “做展示” to “时候”, forming “the time when presenting”. It turns the preceding phrase into a modifier of the following noun. Use it in a pattern such as an activity or event followed by “的时候”.
时候
In “做展示的时候”, “时候” means “time” or “when” and identifies the time at which the speaker’s thinking changes. It commonly follows a phrase with “的” to mean “when doing something”. Use it to refer to a time or occasion.
思路
In “我的思路”, “思路” means the speaker’s train of thought or line of thinking. It is described as becoming scattered in this dialogue. Use it when discussing how someone organizes or follows ideas.
就
In “思路就会变得很散乱”, “就” marks the consequence that occurs once the situation introduced by “一到” happens. It links a condition or trigger to its result. Use it in patterns such as “一……就……” for an immediate or expected consequence.
会
In “就会变得很散乱”, “会” indicates that the speaker’s thinking is likely to become scattered in that situation. It comes before the verb phrase “变得很散乱”. Use it to express a likely or expected result.
变得
In “变得很散乱”, “变得” means “become” and introduces a change into a new state. It is followed here by the description “很散乱”. Use it before an adjective or description of the resulting state.
很
In “很散乱”, “很” marks the degree of the description, making the thinking noticeably scattered. It comes before the adjective “散乱”. Use it before an adjective when describing the degree or state of something.
散乱
In “很散乱”, “散乱” describes the speaker’s thoughts as lacking clear organization. It follows “变得” to name the new state. Use it to describe ideas, items, or arrangements that are spread out and not orderly.
即使
In “即使准备得很充分”, “即使” introduces a condition that does not prevent the result in the main clause: even with thorough preparation, anxiety may still disrupt the presentation. It commonly works with “也”. Use it when presenting a concession or an unexpected possible result.
准备
In “准备得很充分”, “准备” refers to preparing for the presentation. It is followed by “得” and the degree description “很充分”. Use it for getting ready for an activity, task, or event.
得
In “准备得很充分”, “得” connects the verb “准备” with a complement describing how thoroughly the preparation is done. The pattern is verb plus “得” plus a degree or manner description. Use it when explaining the extent or manner of an action.
充分
In “准备得很充分”, “充分” means sufficiently or thoroughly, describing the degree of preparation. It appears after “得” as the result or degree description of “准备”. Use it when saying that something has been done to an adequate or full extent.
焦虑
In “焦虑也可能打乱展示的结构”, “焦虑” means anxiety and is the thing that may disrupt the presentation’s structure. It functions as the subject of the clause. Use it when discussing anxious feelings that affect a person’s actions or performance.
也
In “即使准备得很充分，焦虑也可能打乱展示的结构”, “也” helps show that the result still remains possible even under the condition introduced by “即使”. It is part of the concessive pattern “即使……也……”. Use it to mark a result that applies despite a condition.
可能
In “也可能打乱”, “可能” means “may” or “possibly” and shows that anxiety can disrupt the structure but does not necessarily do so every time. It comes before the verb “打乱”. Use it to express possibility or uncertainty.
打乱
In “打乱展示的结构”, “打乱” means to disrupt or throw into disorder. It takes “展示的结构” as its object. Use it when an action or situation causes an existing order, plan, or arrangement to become disorganized.
结构
In “展示的结构”, “结构” means the structure or organization of the presentation. It is the object affected by “打乱”. Use it when discussing how a presentation, argument, plan, or other organized thing is arranged.
往往
In “我往往会很快地讲完”, “往往” means “tend to” or “often” and describes a recurring tendency of the speaker. It comes before “会” and the verb phrase. Use it when reporting a pattern that happens regularly but not necessarily every time.
快
In “很快地讲完”, “快” means quickly and describes the speed of speaking. It is modified by “很” and followed by “地” before the verb. Use it to describe an action performed at a high speed.
地
In “很快地讲完”, “地” links the description “很快” to the action “讲完”, showing how the action is performed. The pattern is a description plus “地” plus a verb. Use it to turn a manner description into an adverbial phrase.
讲
In “讲完复杂的过渡部分”, “讲” means to speak about or explain the transition sections. It is followed by “完”, which shows that the speaking is completed. Use it for speaking, explaining, or presenting content.
完
In “讲完复杂的过渡部分”, “完” is a completion complement showing that the speaker finishes presenting the transition sections. It follows the verb “讲”. Use the pattern verb plus “完” when an action is carried through to completion.
复杂
In “复杂的过渡部分”, “复杂” means complex and describes the transition sections as difficult to handle or involving several elements. It comes before “的” and the noun phrase “过渡部分”. Use it before a noun to describe something that is not simple.
过渡
In “过渡部分”, “过渡” refers to the transitions between parts of the presentation. It modifies “部分” in this phrase. Use it when discussing movement from one topic, stage, or section to another.
部分
In “过渡部分”, “部分” means a part or section, specifically the transition sections of the presentation. It follows “过渡” to identify what kind of sections these are. Use it after a topic or feature when referring to one section of a larger whole.
把
In “把过渡部分在笔记中标出来”, “把” places the object “过渡部分” before the action and focuses on what is done to that object. The construction continues with the action and its result “标出来”. Use the pattern “把” plus an object plus a verb phrase when highlighting the treatment or result of the object.
在
In “在笔记中”, “在” introduces the place or context where the marking takes place. It is followed by “笔记中”. Use it before a location or setting to say where an action occurs.
笔记
In “笔记中”, “笔记” means notes, referring to the speaker’s written presentation notes. It is the location introduced by “在”. Use it for written notes used to remember or organize information.
中
In “笔记中”, “中” means “in” or “within” and indicates that the marking is done inside the notes. It follows the place noun “笔记”. Use it after a noun to specify an internal location or context.
标
In “标出来”, “标” means to mark or highlight the transition sections. It is followed by “出来”, which indicates that the marked information is made visible or identifiable. Use it when marking information in notes, documents, or other written material.
出来
In “标出来”, “出来” contributes the result that the marked transitions become visible or distinguishable. Together with “标”, it forms the complete action “mark out” or “highlight”. Use it after an action when the result is that something is brought out or made identifiable.
有
In “有帮助”, “有” means “have” and forms the expression “有帮助”, meaning that something provides help. It is followed by the noun “帮助”. Use it in patterns that describe whether something has a useful effect.
帮助
In “有帮助”, “帮助” means help or helpful benefit. The expression says that highlighting the transitions may be useful. Use it after “有” to describe assistance or a beneficial effect.
可以
In “我也可以只排练”, “可以” means “can” and presents focused rehearsal as an available or acceptable option. It comes before the verb phrase “只排练”. Use it to express ability, permission, or a possible course of action.
只
In “只排练那些困难的部分”, “只” means “only” and limits the rehearsal to the difficult sections. It comes directly before the verb phrase it limits. Use it to restrict an action to a particular person, thing, or part.
排练
In “排练那些困难的部分”, “排练” means rehearse or practice a performance. It takes “那些困难的部分” as its object. Use it when practicing a speech, performance, presentation, or other planned activity.
那些
In “那些困难的部分”, “那些” means “those” and identifies the particular sections being discussed. It comes before the noun phrase “困难的部分”. Use it to point to a specific group of items that is distinct from another group.
困难
In “困难的部分”, “困难” means difficult and describes the sections that require more attention. It comes before “的部分”. Use it before a noun to identify something that is hard to do or handle.
这样
In “这样效率更高”, “这样” means “this way” and refers to the strategy of rehearsing only the difficult sections. It commonly appears at the start of a clause to evaluate or describe a method just mentioned. Use it when referring back to an action or approach.
效率
In “效率更高”, “效率” means efficiency and refers to how effectively the practice time is used. It is described by “更高”. Use it when evaluating the results or time use of a method or process.
更
In “效率更高”, “更” means “more” and compares this method with another possible method. It comes before the adjective “高”. Use it before a description when saying that something has a greater degree of a quality.
高
In “效率更高”, “高” means high in the sense of efficient or productive. It describes the level of “效率”. Use it with nouns such as efficiency or quality when evaluating their level.
因为
In “因为并不是每个部分都需要”, “因为” introduces the reason for saying that this approach is more efficient. It comes before the reason clause. Use it to connect a result or opinion with its explanation.
并
In “并不是每个部分都需要”, “并” strengthens the negation in “并不是”, giving the meaning “it is not the case that”. It is used here with “不” and is not an independent addition meaning “and”. Use “并不是” to correct or reject an assumption emphatically.
不
In “并不是每个部分都需要”, “不” makes the judgment negative. Together with “是”, it forms “不是”, meaning “is not”. Use it before a verb or description to negate a present statement or general situation.
是
In “并不是每个部分都需要”, “是” is the linking verb in the expression “不是”, which says that it is not true that every section needs equal practice. It links the negative judgment to the following clause. Use it in identification or judgment statements.
每
In “每个部分”, “每” means “every” or “each” and applies the statement to all individual sections. It comes before the measure word “个” and the noun “部分”. Use it before a measure word and noun when referring to items one by one as a group.
个
In “每个部分”, “个” is the general measure word used between “每” and “部分”. It helps form the phrase meaning “each section”. Use it with many ordinary people, objects, and countable units when no more specific measure word is needed.
都
In “每个部分都需要”, “都” means “all” and shows that the statement applies to every section identified by “每个”. It commonly follows the subject phrase and comes before the verb. Use “每……都……” for a statement applying to every member of a group.
需要
In “每个部分都需要同样多的练习”, “需要” means need or require. It takes “同样多的练习” as the thing required. Use it before an object to say what a person, task, or situation requires.
同样
In “同样多的练习”, “同样” means the same or equally and modifies the amount of practice. It is followed by “多” to form the quantity expression “the same amount”. Use it when comparing an amount, degree, or manner with another one.
多
In “同样多的练习”, “多” refers to the amount of practice required. Together with “同样”, it means that the amount is equal. Use it after a quantity-related word when describing how much of something there is.
练习
In “同样多的练习”, “练习” means practice and is the amount that each section may require. Here it functions as the thing needed rather than the action of practicing. Use it for repeated work intended to improve a skill.
希望
In “我希望自己听起来准备充分”, “希望” means hope or want and introduces the result the speaker wants to achieve. It is followed by the clause describing that desired impression. Use it before a person or clause to express a wish or goal.
自己
In “希望自己听起来准备充分”, “自己” refers back to the speaker and means “oneself” or “myself” in this context. It is the person whose impression is being described by “听起来”. Use it when referring back to the subject of the surrounding clause.
听
In “听起来准备充分”, “听” contributes the idea of how something sounds to a listener. Together with “起来”, it describes the impression created by the speaker’s voice or words. Use it in this construction when evaluating how something sounds.
起来
In “听起来准备充分”, “起来” combines with “听” to mean “seem when heard” or “sound”. It introduces an impression perceived by another person rather than a direct statement of fact. Use the pattern “听起来” before a description of how something sounds.
又
In “但又不显得像在背诵”, “又” adds a second desired condition while maintaining the contrast introduced by “但”: the speaker wants to sound prepared yet not appear to be reciting. It commonly links two qualities or conditions that must both be considered. Use it when adding another point in a contrastive or paired description.
显得
In “不显得像在背诵”, “显得” means seem or appear to others. The negation “不” says that the speaker should not give the impression of reciting. Use it before a description of how a person or thing appears.
像
In “像在背诵”, “像” means “like” or “as if” and compares the speaker’s delivery with reciting from memory. It is followed by the activity “在背诵”. Use it to describe a resemblance or perceived impression.
背诵
In “像在背诵”, “背诵” means recite from memory, which is the impression the speaker does not want to give. It follows “在” in the activity phrase. Use it when referring to saying learned words from memory.
尽量
In “尽量使用灵活的提示语”, “尽量” means as much as possible or try to and makes the advice less absolute. It comes before the action “使用”. Use it when encouraging someone to make the greatest practical effort.
使用
In “使用灵活的提示语”, “使用” means use and takes “灵活的提示语” as its object. It refers to applying signpost phrases during the presentation. Use it before the tool, method, or item being used.
灵活
In “灵活的提示语”, “灵活” means flexible and describes signpost phrases that can be adapted rather than fixed word-for-word. It comes before “的提示语”. Use it before a noun to describe something adaptable to the situation.
提示语
In “灵活的提示语”, “提示语” means a signpost phrase or cue that helps guide the audience through the presentation. It is the object of “使用”. Use it for words or phrases that signal the direction or organization of what is being said.
而
In “而不是固定的句子”, “而” forms the contrastive expression “而不是”, meaning “rather than” or “instead of”. It contrasts flexible signpost phrases with fixed sentences. Use it before the rejected alternative in a choice or recommendation.
固定
In “固定的句子”, “固定” means fixed and describes sentences that remain unchanged word-for-word. It comes before “的句子”. Use it before a noun to describe something set in one form or not easily changed.
句子
In “固定的句子”, “句子” means sentence and refers to the complete sentences that the tutor advises against relying on rigidly. It is modified by “固定的”. Use it when discussing a grammatical or spoken sentence.
Grammar Points
即使……，也……
即使准备充分，焦虑也会打乱思路。
jí shǐ zhǔn bèi chōng fèn, jiāo lǜ yě huì dǎ luàn sī lù.Even if you are well-prepared, anxiety can still disrupt your train of thought.
即使 introduces a hypothetical or concessive condition; 也 presents the result that still applies despite that condition.
Chinese Vocabulary
材料
noun
cái liào
material
打乱
verb
dǎ luàn
to disrupt
复杂
adj
fù zá
complex
过渡
noun
guò dù
transition
即使
conj
jí shǐ
even if; even though
焦虑
noun
jiāo lǜ
anxiety
结构
noun
jié gòu
structure
散乱
adj
sǎn luàn
scattered; disorganized
思路
noun
sī lù
train of thought
往往
adv
wǎng wǎng
often; tend to
展示
noun
zhǎn shì
presentation
准备充分
phrase
zhǔn bèi chōng fèn
well-prepared
Quiz
Spelling
Tap the letters to spell the word.
well-prepared
Show Answer
准备充分complex
Show Answer
复杂to disrupt
Show Answer
打乱often; tend to