About This Lesson
Use Making a plan after being locked out to practice Japanese conversation, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and quizzes.
Dialogue
A
締め出されてしまい、予備の鍵はアパートの中にあります。
shi-me-da-sa-re-te-shi-MAI, yo-BI no ka-GI wa a-PAH-toh no na-ka ni a-RI-mahs. I am locked out, and my spare key is inside the apartment.
B
まず大家さんに連絡してみてください。
ma-ZU oh-YA-san ni ren-RA-ku shi-te MI-te ku-da-SAI. Try the landlord first.
B
すぐに助けてもらえないなら、そのあとで鍵屋さんに電話してください。
SU-gu-ni ta-SU-ke-te mo-RA-e-NAI na-ra, so-no a-to-de ka-gi-YA-san ni den-WA shi-te ku-da-SAI. Then call a locksmith if you cannot get help soon.
A
メッセージを残しましたが、大家さんはまだ返事をしていません。
MES-see-ji o no-ko-shi-MA-shi-ta ga, oh-YA-san wa ma-da hen-JI o shi-te i-MA-sen. I left a message, but the landlord has not replied yet.
B
すぐに中に入る必要がなければ、もう少し待ってください。
SU-gu-ni na-ka ni ha-I-ru hi-TSU-you ga na-ke-RE-ba, moh-o SU-ko-shi MAHT-teh ku-da-SAI. Wait a little longer unless you need to get in right away.
A
誰かが助けに来たら、ここに住んでいることを証明する必要があるかもしれません。
da-RE-ka ga ta-SU-ke ni KI-ta-ra, ko-KO ni SUN-de i-ru ko-to o shoh-MEI su-ru hi-TSU-you ga a-ru ka-mo-shi-RE-ma-sen. I may need to prove I live here if someone comes to help.
B
身分証明書をすぐ出せるようにして、暖かい場所で待ってください。
mi-BUN shoh-MEI-sho o SU-gu da-SE-ru yoh-o-ni shi-te, a-ta-ta-KAI ba-SHO de MAHT-teh ku-da-SAI. Keep your identification ready and wait in a warm place.
A
必要でない限り、鍵屋さんに電話したくありません。
hi-TSU-you de na-I ka-GI-ri, ka-gi-YA-san ni den-WA shi-ta-ku a-ri-ma-SEN. I do not want to call a locksmith unless it is necessary.
B
大家さんがまだ返事をしないなら、鍵屋さんに電話して、状況を説明してください。
oh-YA-san ga ma-da hen-JI o shi-NAI na-ra, ka-gi-YA-san ni den-WA shi-te, joh-KYOH o setsu-MEI shi-te ku-da-SAI. If the landlord still does not reply, call one and explain the situation.
A
ロビーに座って、携帯電話の電源を入れたままにしておけます。
roh-BEE ni su-WA-tte, kei-TAI den-WA no den-GEN o i-RE-ta ma-ma ni shi-te o-KE-MAHS. I can sit in the lobby and keep my phone on.
B
大家さんにもう少し時間をあげる間、そこで暖かくしていられます。
oh-YA-san ni moh-o SU-ko-shi JI-kan o a-GE-ru aida, so-KO de a-ta-ta-KU shi-te i-RA-re-MAHS. You can stay warm there while you give the landlord a little more time.Word by Word
締め出されて
締め出されて means “be locked out” in 締め出されてしまい, describing the speaker’s situation outside the apartment. It is the て-form of 締め出される, from 締め出す, and it links this situation to the next part of the sentence. A reusable pattern is 場所から締め出される for being locked out of a place.
しまい
In 締め出されてしまい, しまい shows that the locking-out has unfortunately happened and connects it to the following statement. Here, しまい is the connecting form of しまう after 締め出されて. The pattern Vてしまう can express an unwanted or completed result.
予備
予備 means “spare” or “backup” in 予備の鍵, referring to an extra key kept for use when the main key is unavailable. It modifies the noun that follows it through の. A reusable pattern is 予備の＋noun, such as a spare item.
の
In 予備の鍵, の links 予備 to 鍵 and shows that the key is a spare key. It connects one noun to another, with the first noun describing the second. The same pattern is used whenever one noun specifies or describes another noun.
鍵
鍵 means “key” in 予備の鍵, the key that could normally be used to enter the apartment. Here it is a physical object located inside the apartment. A reusable pattern is 鍵を＋verb when describing using, finding, or losing a key.
は
In 予備の鍵はアパートの中にあります, は marks 予備の鍵 as the topic of the statement. The sentence then gives information about where that key is. A reusable pattern is nounは＋locationにあります for stating where an inanimate thing is.
アパート
アパート means “apartment” in アパートの中, identifying the building whose inside contains the spare key. It is a loanword used as a noun. A reusable pattern is アパートの＋location when describing a place within the apartment.
中
中 means “inside” in アパートの中, referring to the interior of the apartment. With の, it describes the inside of a named place. A reusable pattern is placeの中に＋verb or あります for something located inside a place.
に
In アパートの中にあります, に marks the location where the spare key exists. It identifies the place associated with あります. A reusable pattern is locationにあります when an inanimate thing is located somewhere.
あります
あります means “is” or “exists” for an inanimate thing in 予備の鍵はアパートの中にあります. This polite form of ある states the location of the key. A reusable pattern is nounは場所にあります.
まず
まず means “first” in まず大家さんに連絡してみてください, giving the first step in the plan. It tells the listener to contact the landlord before trying another option. A reusable pattern is まず＋action when organizing actions in order.
大家
大家 means “landlord” in 大家さん, the person responsible for the apartment. In this dialogue, the landlord is the first person the speaker should contact for help. A reusable pattern is 大家さんに連絡する when contacting a landlord.
さん
さん in 大家さん is a polite title added after the person’s role or name. It makes the reference to the landlord respectful and suitable for ordinary conversation. A reusable pattern is person’s name or role＋さん when addressing or referring to someone politely.
連絡
連絡 means “contact” in 連絡してみてください, referring to getting in touch with the landlord. It is a noun that combines with する to describe the action of contacting someone. A reusable pattern is personに連絡する.
してみて
In 連絡してみてください, して comes from する and carries out the action of contacting, while みて adds the meaning “try doing it.” Together, してみて presents contacting the landlord as something to try, and ください makes it a polite request. A reusable pattern is Vてみる for trying an action.
ください
ください makes 連絡してみてください a polite request meaning “please try contacting them.” It follows the て-form of the requested action. A reusable pattern is Vてください when politely asking someone to do something.
すぐ
すぐ means “soon” or “immediately” in すぐに助けてもらえない, emphasizing that help may not arrive quickly. With に, it describes the timing of receiving help. A reusable pattern is すぐに＋verb for an action that happens without much delay.
助けてもらえない
助けてもらえない means “cannot get help” in すぐに助けてもらえないなら. 助け provides the helping action, て connects it to もらえない, and もらえない expresses being unable to receive that help. A reusable pattern is personに助けてもらう, meaning to receive help from someone.
なら
なら in すぐに助けてもらえないなら introduces a condition: “if help cannot be received soon.” It presents the preceding situation as the basis for the next plan. A reusable pattern is situationなら＋advice or decision when responding to a stated situation.
その
その in そのあとで refers back to the previously mentioned situation or step. Here it means “that” and points to the time after trying the landlord. A reusable pattern is その＋noun when referring to something already mentioned.
あと
あと means “after” or “later” in そのあとで, indicating the next step after the earlier attempt to get help. It is used with その to form a reference to a later time. A reusable pattern is actionのあとで＋next action.
で
In そのあとで, で marks the time when the next action should happen. It turns the time expression そのあと into the setting for calling a locksmith. A reusable pattern is time expressionで＋action when placing an action at a particular time.
鍵屋
鍵屋 means “locksmith” in 鍵屋さん, the professional who can help open the apartment when other help is unavailable. It is followed by さん for a polite reference. A reusable pattern is 鍵屋さんに電話する when calling a locksmith.
電話
電話 means “telephone” or “phone call” in 鍵屋さんに電話してください, referring to calling the locksmith. With する, it describes making a phone call. A reusable pattern is personに電話する.
メッセージ
メッセージ means “message” in メッセージを残しました, referring to a message left for the landlord. It is a loanword used as a noun. A reusable pattern is メッセージを残す when leaving a message.
を
In メッセージを残しました, を marks メッセージ as the object of 残しました. It shows what the speaker left. A reusable pattern is nounを＋verb when the noun receives the action.
残しました
残しました means “left” in メッセージを残しました, stating that the speaker left a message for the landlord. It is the polite past form of 残す. A reusable pattern is メッセージを残す for leaving a message.
が
In メッセージを残しましたが, が means “but” and connects the fact that a message was left with the contrasting fact that there has been no reply. It introduces information that changes the expectation created by the first clause. A reusable pattern is clauseが、＋contrasting clause.
まだ
まだ means “still” or “yet” in まだ返事をしていません, showing that the landlord’s reply has not happened up to now. With the negative form していません, it emphasizes that the expected action remains incomplete. A reusable pattern is まだ＋negative expression for something that has not happened yet.
返事
返事 means “reply” or “response” in 返事をしていません, referring to the landlord answering the message. It combines with する to describe replying. A reusable pattern is 返事をする when giving a reply.
していません
In 返事をしていません, して expresses the action of replying and いません makes the ている form negative and polite. Together, していません means that the landlord has not replied. A reusable pattern is まだVていません for an action that has not happened yet.
中に入る
中に入る means “go inside” or “enter,” referring to getting into the apartment in 中に入る必要. 中 identifies the inside and に marks it as the destination of 入る. A reusable pattern is placeに入る when entering a place.
必要
必要 means “need” or “necessity” in 中に入る必要がなければ and 必要でない限り. In the first expression, it refers to the need to get inside; in the second, it refers to something being necessary. A reusable pattern is Vる必要がある or 必要である for expressing necessity.
なければ
なければ in 中に入る必要がなければ means “if there is no need.” It forms a negative condition after 必要がない. A reusable pattern is nounがなければ for “if there is no noun” or “if noun is not present.”
もう
もう in もう少し means “more” or “another” rather than “already.” It asks the listener to wait for an additional small amount of time. A reusable pattern is もう少し＋time or quantity for requesting a little more.
少し
少し means “a little” in もう少し, referring to a small additional amount of waiting time. Together with もう, it softens the request by limiting the extra time. A reusable pattern is 少し＋verb or noun when indicating a small amount.
待って
待って means “wait” in 待ってください, where the て-form is used before a polite request. It asks the listener to remain there for a little longer. A reusable pattern is Vてください for a polite request to perform an action.
誰か
誰か means “someone” in 誰かが助けに来たら, referring to an unspecified person who may come to help. か after 誰 makes the person indefinite. A reusable pattern is 誰かが＋verb when saying that someone does or may do something.
来たら
来たら means “if someone comes” or “when someone comes” in 誰かが助けに来たら. It presents someone’s arrival as the condition for proving that the speaker lives there. A reusable pattern is personが来たら＋next action when the next action depends on someone’s arrival.
ここ
ここ means “here” in ここに住んでいる, referring to the place where the speaker currently lives. With に, it identifies the location associated with living. A reusable pattern is ここに＋verb for an action or state located here.
住んでいる
住んでいる means “live” or “be living” in ここに住んでいる, describing the speaker’s continuing residence. It is the ている form of 住む and presents living there as an ongoing state. A reusable pattern is placeに住んでいる.
こと
In ここに住んでいることを証明する, こと turns the preceding clause into “the fact that I live here.” This fact becomes the object of 証明する. A reusable pattern is clauseことを＋verb when treating a fact or action as a noun-like object.
証明する
証明する means “prove” or “demonstrate” in ここに住んでいることを証明する, referring to showing evidence of residence. The object marked by を is the fact being proved. A reusable pattern is factを証明する.
ある
ある in 必要があるかもしれません means that a need exists, so the full expression means “may need to.” Here it does not refer to a physical object being located somewhere. A reusable pattern is 必要がある for saying that something is necessary.
かもしれません
In 必要があるかもしれません, かも introduces possibility, しれ completes the possibility expression, and ません gives it a polite form. Together, かもしれません means “may” or “might,” showing that the need is uncertain. A reusable pattern is plain form＋かもしれません.
身分証明書
身分証明書 means “identification document” in 身分証明書をすぐ出せるようにして, referring to a document that can show who the speaker is. It is prepared because someone may need proof of residence. A reusable pattern is 身分証明書を出す when presenting identification.
出せる
出せる means “can show” or “can take out” in 身分証明書をすぐ出せるようにして. Here it refers to being able to produce the identification quickly when help arrives. A reusable pattern is objectを出せる when saying that an item can be produced or presented.
ように
In すぐ出せるようにして, ように expresses the desired condition “so that it can be shown quickly.” It links the ability to show the identification with the instruction to keep it ready. A reusable pattern is Vるようにする for arranging things so that an action can happen.
して
して in 身分証明書をすぐ出せるようにして connects the instruction to make the identification easy to show with the following instruction to wait somewhere warm. It comes from する and means to keep or arrange something in that condition here. A reusable pattern is Vるようにして、＋another action when connecting instructions.
暖かい
暖かい means “warm” in 暖かい場所, describing a place where the speaker will not get cold while waiting. It directly modifies 場所. A reusable pattern is 暖かい＋noun when describing a warm object or place.
場所
場所 means “place” in 暖かい場所, referring to a location suitable for waiting. The adjective 暖かい specifies what kind of place it is. A reusable pattern is adjective＋場所 when describing a place.
ない
ない in 必要でない限り means “not” and makes the statement “it is not necessary.” It is part of the condition that limits when the locksmith should be called. A reusable pattern is nounでない when saying that something is not a particular state or category.
限り
In 必要でない限り, 限り sets a condition meaning “unless” or “as long as the condition holds.” The expression means that the speaker does not want to call a locksmith unless it is necessary. A reusable pattern is condition＋限り when stating a boundary or condition.
したくありません
In 電話したくありません, したく expresses the desire form of する and ありません makes that desire negative and polite. Together, したくありません means “do not want to do,” here referring to not wanting to call a locksmith. A reusable pattern is Vたくありません for politely saying that one does not want to do something.
しない
しない in 大家さんがまだ返事をしないなら means “does not reply” or “does not give a reply.” It is the plain negative form of する after 返事を. A reusable pattern is nounをしない for saying that someone does not perform an action expressed by a noun plus する.
状況
状況 means “situation” in 状況を説明してください, referring to the circumstances of being locked out. It is the information that should be explained to the locksmith. A reusable pattern is 状況を説明する when describing the circumstances of a problem.
説明して
In 状況を説明してください, 説明して is the て-form of 説明する and is followed by ください to make a polite request. It asks the listener to explain the situation. A reusable pattern is nounを説明してください when politely asking someone to explain something.
ロビー
ロビー means “lobby” in ロビーに座って, identifying the shared entrance area where the speaker can wait. It is a loanword used as a noun. A reusable pattern is placeに座る when saying where someone sits.
座って
座って means “sit” in ロビーに座って, and its て-form connects sitting with keeping the phone on. It describes the first action in the speaker’s plan. A reusable pattern is Vて、＋another action when linking two actions.
携帯電話
携帯電話 means “mobile phone” in 携帯電話の電源, referring to the phone whose power will remain on. It is modified by の to connect it with 電源. A reusable pattern is 携帯電話を＋verb when describing an action with a mobile phone.
電源
電源 means “power” in 携帯電話の電源を入れた, referring to the phone’s power supply or power state. With 入れる, it describes turning the phone on. A reusable pattern is 電源を入れる when turning on a device.
入れた
入れた means “turned on” in 電源を入れた, because the object is the phone’s power. It is the past form of 入れる in this context, not the meaning “put in.” A reusable pattern is 電源を入れる for turning on a device.
まま
In 電源を入れたままにしておけます, まま shows that the phone remains in the state created by 電源を入れた. It means “remaining in the same state” while the speaker waits. A reusable pattern is Vたまま for leaving something unchanged after an action.
おけます
おけます in 電源を入れたままにしておけます means “can keep” or “can leave in place.” It is the polite potential form of 置く used in the expression of leaving something in a state. A reusable pattern is Vたままにしておく for leaving something as it is.
時間
時間 means “time” in 大家さんにもう少し時間をあげる, referring to additional time allowed for the landlord to reply. It is the object of あげる. A reusable pattern is 人に時間をあげる when allowing someone more time.
あげる
あげる means “give” in 大家さんにもう少し時間をあげる, where the speaker gives the landlord a little more time to respond. The person receiving something is marked by に. A reusable pattern is personにものをあげる.
間
In 大家さんにもう少し時間をあげる間, 間 means “while” or “during” and covers the period in which the landlord is given more time. It links that ongoing period with staying warm in the lobby. A reusable pattern is clause間に or clause間 for an action that occurs while another situation continues.
そこで
そこで means “there” or “in that place” in そこで暖かくしていられます, referring back to the lobby. で marks the lobby as the place where the speaker remains warm. A reusable pattern is placeで＋action for an action performed at a place.
暖かく
暖かく means “warm” in 暖かくしていられます and describes the state the speaker can maintain. It is the connective form of 暖かい used before して. A reusable pattern is adjectiveくしておく or adjectiveくする for keeping or making something warm or in another state.
いられます
いられます in 暖かくしていられます means “can stay” or “can remain.” It shows that the speaker is able to remain in the warm state while waiting. A reusable pattern is Vていられる for being able to continue in a state or activity.
Grammar Points
〜ようにしておく
身分証明書をすぐ出せるようにして。
mi-BUN shoh-MEI-sho o SU-gu da-SE-ru yoh-o-ni shi-te.Keep your ID ready to take out immediately.
「〜ようにしておく」は、後で必要になる状態を前もって整えておくことを表します。
〜ない限り
必要でない限り、ロビーで暖かくしていられます。
hi-TSU-you de na-I ka-GI-ri, roh-BEE de a-ta-ta-KU shi-te i-RA-re-MAHS.Unless it is necessary, you can stay warm in the lobby.
「〜ない限り」は、ある条件を除いて「unless」を表します。
Japanese Vocabulary
アパート
noun
a-PAH-toh
apartment
すぐに
adv
SU-gu-ni
soon; immediately
そのあとで
adv
so-no a-to-de
after that; then
メッセージ
noun
MES-see-ji
message
鍵
noun
ka-GI
key
鍵屋さん
noun
ka-gi-YA-san
locksmith
残しました
verb
no-ko-shi-MA-shi-ta
left; posted
助けてもらえない
phrase
ta-SU-ke-te mo-RA-e-NAI
cannot get help
大家さん
noun
oh-YA-san
landlord
締め出されてしまい
verb
shi-me-da-sa-re-te-shi-MAI
be locked out
予備
noun
yo-BI
spare; extra
連絡してみてください
phrase
ren-RA-ku shi-te MI-te ku-da-SAI
please try contacting
Quiz
Spelling
Tap the letters to spell the word.
be locked out
Show Answer
締め出されてしまいafter that; then
Show Answer
そのあとでplease try contacting
Show Answer
連絡してみてくださいapartment