Mag
Mag means “may” or “can” here, asking whether the speaker is allowed to borrow the pan. It is the form of mogen used with ik in a question; use this pattern to ask permission for an action.
ik
Ik means “I” and identifies the person asking permission in Mag ik. It is used as the subject before a verb in a statement and after the verb in this question pattern.
je
Je means “your” here and shows that the pan belongs to the person being addressed. It can be placed before a noun to identify something belonging to the other person.
koekenpan
Koekenpan means “frying pan,” the item being borrowed in this dialogue. Use it for a pan used to fry or cook food.
met
Met means “with” in the description of the pan. It links an object to a feature or material, as in a pan with a particular coating.
antiaanbaklaag
Antiaanbaklaag means “non-stick coating,” the surface layer that helps food not stick to the pan. It is used after a description such as met to name a feature of an object.
lenen
Lenen means “to borrow” in Mag ik ... lenen, referring to using someone else’s pan and returning it later. It is the infinitive after Mag ik; use it with an object when asking to borrow something.
om
Om introduces the purpose of borrowing the pan: om iets te koken means “in order to cook something.” It is used with te and an infinitive to explain why an action is done.
iets
Iets means “something,” referring here to an unspecified food or dish. It can be placed before an infinitive when the exact object or activity is not specified.
te
Te is used before koken in the purpose construction om iets te koken. Together with om, it marks an intended action; use it before an infinitive in this type of purpose phrase.
koken
Koken means “to cook” in om iets te koken. It is the infinitive after te and can be used for preparing food.
Dat
Dat means “that” or “it” in Dat mag, referring to the requested borrowing. The phrase Dat mag confirms that something is allowed; use it to respond affirmatively to a permission question.
maar
Maar means “but” and introduces a condition or limitation on the permission just given. It connects an agreement with an instruction or warning.
gebruik
Gebruik means “use” in the instruction not to use metal utensils in the pan. It is the imperative form of gebruiken; use this form to give a direct instruction to one person.
er
Er refers back to the pan in gebruik er ... in, meaning “in it” in this context. It helps avoid repeating the object and is used with a preposition when referring to a previously mentioned place or object.
alsjeblieft
Alsjeblieft means “please” and makes the instruction more polite. It can be added to a request or instruction addressed to one person.
geen
Geen means “no” or “not any” before metalen keukengerei. It negates the noun rather than describing a general action; use it before a noun when saying that none of something should be used.
metalen
Metalen means “metal” here and describes the kitchen utensils. It comes before keukengerei as an adjective specifying the material.
keukengerei
Keukengerei means “kitchen utensils,” referring to tools such as spoons or other implements used for cooking. Use it for kitchen tools considered together rather than for one named utensil.
in
In means “in” and completes the idea of using the utensils in the pan. It is used with a container or place where an action takes place.
zal
Zal expresses “will” in Ik zal een houten lepel gebruiken, stating the speaker’s intention. It is a form of zullen used with ik and is followed by an infinitive to describe the intended action.
een
Een means “a” before houten lepel, introducing one non-specific wooden spoon. It is used before a singular countable noun when the particular item is not being identified by name.
houten
Houten means “wooden” and describes the material of the spoon. It is placed before lepel to specify what kind of spoon is intended.
lepel
Lepel means “spoon,” the utensil the speaker plans to use. Use it for a spoon used to stir, serve, or handle food.
gebruiken
Gebruiken means “to use” in Ik zal ... gebruiken. It is the infinitive after zal; use it when saying that a person will use a tool or object.
zodat
Zodat means “so that” and introduces the intended result of using a wooden spoon. It links an action to its purpose or consequence, with the verb placed later in the subordinate clause.
krassen
Krassen means “scratches” in geen krassen ... maak, referring to marks made on the pan’s surface. It is used with a surface or object when describing unwanted marks.
op
Op means “on” in krassen op het oppervlak, showing where the scratches would appear. Use it before the surface or location affected by something.
het
Het means “the” before oppervlak, identifying the specific surface of the pan. It is the definite article used with this noun in the dialogue.
oppervlak
Oppervlak means “surface,” here meaning the inside surface of the pan. Use it for the outer or inner surface of an object.
maak
Maak means “make” in geen krassen ... maak, where it means cause or leave scratches. It is the first-person form of maken; use it with an object to describe producing a result.
Zet
Zet means “set” in the instruction Zet het vuur ... op middelhoog, telling the listener to set the heat to a particular level. It is the imperative form of zetten and is used for adjusting a setting or position.
vuur
Vuur means “heat” or literally “fire” here, referring to the cooking heat under the pan. Use it with a level or setting when discussing how strongly something is heated.
ook
Ook means “also” or “too,” adding the heat instruction to the earlier care instructions. It can be placed near the part of the sentence that is being added.
middelhoog
Middelhoog means “medium-high” and describes the requested heat level. In op middelhoog, it is used after op to name the setting to which the heat should be adjusted.
want
Want means “because” and gives the reason for keeping the heat at medium-high. It connects an instruction with its explanation in a main clause.
hoog
Hoog means “high” in hoog vuur, describing heat that is too strong for the coating. It can be placed before a noun to describe a high level or intensity.
kan
Kan means “can” in hoog vuur kan de antiaanbaklaag beschadigen, expressing possibility or potential harm. It is a form of kunnen and is followed by an infinitive.
beschadigen
Beschadigen means “to damage,” describing what high heat may do to the coating. It is the infinitive after kan; use it with an object that may be harmed.
vraag
Vraag means “ask” in Ik vraag het nu liever, where the speaker chooses to ask about the matter. It is the first-person form of vragen; use it with a person or with het when referring to a matter already understood.
nu
Nu means “now,” emphasizing that the speaker wants to ask before using the pan. It can be placed with a verb to specify when an action happens.
liever
Liever means “rather” in Ik vraag het nu liever dan dat ik gok, expressing a preference for asking. Use liever dan to compare a preferred action with an alternative.
dan
Dan means “than” in the comparison liever dan dat ik gok. It introduces the alternative that the speaker prefers not to choose.
gok
Gok means “guess” in dat ik gok, meaning to act without knowing the correct instructions. It is the first-person form of gokken; use it when someone is making an uncertain assumption.
en
En means “and” and links the two possible consequences of guessing: guessing and ruining the pan. It connects words, phrases, or actions that belong together.
de
De means “the” before pan, identifying the specific pan being borrowed. It is the definite article used with pan in this dialogue.
pan
Pan means “pan,” referring to the borrowed cooking item. Use it as a general word for a cooking pan when the exact type is already clear.
verpest
Verpest means “ruin” in de pan verpest, describing damaging the pan through incorrect use. It is the first-person form of verpesten in the clause dat ik ... verpest, and it takes the affected object before it.
helpt
Helpt means “helps” in Dat helpt, referring to the fact that asking for instructions is useful. It is the third-person form of helpen; use Dat helpt to say that something is useful or effective.
gaat
Gaat means “goes” in De pan gaat langer mee, but the full expression means that the pan “lasts longer.” It is a form of gaan used with mee to describe how long an object remains usable.
langer
Langer means “longer,” comparing the pan’s useful life with a shorter period. It is the comparative form of lang and is used with gaat mee to describe durability.
mee
Mee completes gaat mee in the expression meaning “lasts” or “continues to be usable.” It is used with gaan when describing how long an object remains useful.
als
Als means “if” in als je er voorzichtig mee omgaat, introducing the condition for the pan lasting longer. It begins a conditional clause explaining when a result will occur.
voorzichtig
Voorzichtig means “carefully” in voorzichtig mee omgaat, describing gentle treatment of the pan. It can describe how someone handles an object or performs an action.
omgaat
Omgaat means “handles” or “treats” in er voorzichtig mee omgaat, describing how the pan is treated. It is the form of omgaan used in the subordinate clause; a common reusable pattern is voorzichtig met iets omgaan.
Moet
Moet means “must” or “should” in Moet ik de pan ... afwassen?, asking whether washing by hand is necessary or advisable. It is a form of moeten and is followed by an infinitive.
hand
Hand means “hand” in met de hand, meaning that the pan should be washed manually. The pattern met de hand describes an action done by hand rather than by a machine.
afwassen
Afwassen means “to wash dishes” or wash an item by hand, here referring to cleaning the pan. It is the infinitive after Moet ik and is used for washing kitchen items.
plaats
Plaats is “place” in the expression in plaats van, which means “instead of.” This expression introduces an alternative action or method.
van
Van is part of in plaats van and contributes to the meaning “instead of.” In this fixed construction, it introduces the option that is being replaced.
hem
Hem means “it” here and refers back to the pan in hem in de vaatwasser te doen. It is used as the object of doen when the previously mentioned pan is being placed somewhere.
vaatwasser
Vaatwasser means “dishwasher,” the machine that the speaker is considering using to clean the pan. Use it for the appliance that washes dishes and kitchen items.
doen
Doen means “put” in hem in de vaatwasser te doen, describing placing the pan in the dishwasher. It is the infinitive after te; use it with an object and a destination when describing putting something somewhere.
Was
Was means “wash” in the instruction to clean the pan by hand. It is the imperative form of wassen and works with af to form the instruction to wash something completely.
af
Af completes afwassen in the hand-washing instruction and gives the idea of washing something up or clean. With Was, it is separated from the verb and appears later in the sentence.
droog
Droog means “dry” in the instruction to dry the pan before returning it. It is the imperative form of drogen; use it to tell someone to remove moisture from an object.
voordat
Voordat means “before” and introduces the action that must happen before bringing the pan back. It begins a time clause describing the order of two actions.
terugbrengt
Terugbrengt means “bring back” in voordat je hem terugbrengt, referring to returning the pan to its owner. It is the form of terugbrengen used in the subordinate clause, where the verb appears at the end.
breng
Breng means “bring” in Ik breng de pan schoon terug, where it describes returning the pan. It is the first-person form of brengen and combines with terug to express bringing something back.
schoon
Schoon means “clean” in Ik breng de pan schoon terug, describing the condition in which the pan will be returned. It can follow a verb of bringing or returning to state how the object is returned.
terug
Terug means “back” and completes breng ... terug, meaning return the pan to its previous owner or place. It is used with movement verbs to show a return.
nadat
Nadat means “after” and introduces the time when the speaker will return the pan. It connects the return with the completed action of cooking.
klaar
Klaar means “finished” in klaar ben met koken, stating that the speaker has completed cooking. Use klaar zijn met to say that someone has finished an activity.
ben
Ben means “am” in nadat ik klaar ben met koken, forming the expression “be finished with cooking.” It is the first-person form of zijn and is used with ik.
Laat
Laat means “let” in Laat me weten, asking the listener to make sure the speaker receives information. It is the imperative form of laten and introduces an action another person should allow or cause.
me
Me means “me” in Laat me weten, identifying the person who should receive the information. It is used as the object after laat in this request pattern.
weten
Weten means “know” in Laat me weten, a common expression meaning “let me know.” It is the infinitive after laat and is used when asking someone to tell you information.
hoe
Hoe means “how” in hoe het gerecht wordt, asking about the result of the dish. It introduces a question clause about the way something develops or turns out.
gerecht
Gerecht means “dish,” referring to the food being cooked. Use it for a prepared food item or a course of a meal.
wordt
Wordt means “turns out” or “becomes” in hoe het gerecht wordt, asking about the final result of the dish. It is a form of worden used at the end of the subordinate clause; use this pattern to ask how something turns out.