About This Lesson
Use Planning a Workshop for Constructive Disagreement to practice Chinese conversation, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and quizzes.
Dialogue
A
有些参与者可能会抵触，因为这个主题挑战了他们原有的习惯。
yǒu xiē cān yù zhě kě néng huì dǐ chù, yīn wèi zhè ge zhǔ tí tiǎo zhàn le tā men yuán yǒu de xí guàn. Some participants may resist because the topic challenges existing habits.
B
如果他们觉得自己因为过去的决定受到责备，就很可能会产生抵触情绪。
rú guǒ tā men jué de zì jǐ yīn wèi guò qù de jué dìng shòu dào zé bèi, jiù hěn kě néng huì chǎn shēng dǐ chù qíng xù. Resistance is likely if they feel blamed for past decisions.
A
我们应该围绕系统来设计这次研讨，而不是针对个人。
wǒ men yīng gāi wéi rào xì tǒng lái shè jì zhè cì yán tǎo, ér bú shì zhēn duì gè rén. We should frame the session around systems rather than individuals.
B
这样可以减少防御心理，也能促进更坦诚的讨论。
zhè yàng kě yǐ jiǎn shǎo fáng yù xīn lǐ, yě néng cù jìn gèng tǎn chéng de tǎo lùn. That reduces defensiveness and invites more honest discussion.
A
我们能不能加入一些理性的人持有不同意见的例子？
wǒ men néng bu néng jiā rù yì xiē lǐ xìng de rén chí yǒu bù tóng yì jiàn de lì zi? Could we include examples where reasonable people disagreed?
B
这些例子可以展现事情的复杂性，又不会把任何人塑造成反派。
zhè xiē lì zi kě yǐ zhǎn xiàn shì qing de fù zá xìng, yòu bú huì bǎ rèn hé rén sù zào chéng fǎn pài. Those examples would show complexity without creating villains.
A
我希望参与者练习如何建设性地表达不同意见。
wǒ xī wàng cān yù zhě liàn xí rú hé jiàn shè xìng de biǎo dá bù tóng yì jiàn. I want participants to practice disagreement constructively.
B
那么，我们就需要为证据和语气制定明确的规则。
nà me, wǒ men jiù xū yào wèi zhèng jù hé yǔ qì zhì dìng míng què de guī zé. Then we need clear rules for evidence and tone.Word by Word
有些
有些 means “some” in “有些参与者”, referring to part of a larger group. It comes before the noun it limits, as in “有些参与者”. Use it when only part of a group has the stated quality or action.
参与者
参与者 means “participants”, the people who may resist in “有些参与者可能会抵触”. It functions as the noun after 有些 and as the subject of the sentence. Use it for people taking part in a meeting, workshop, or other activity.
可能
可能 means “may” or “possibly” in “可能会抵触”, showing that resistance is possible rather than certain. It comes before the following action, together with 会 here. Use “可能 + action” to describe a possible situation.
会
会 means “will” or “be likely to” in “可能会抵触”, helping describe a possible future or resulting action. The pattern “可能会 + action” expresses that something may happen. It is useful when discussing a predicted response or outcome.
抵触
抵触 means “resist” in “可能会抵触”, describing participants’ negative reaction to the topic. It can also appear in “抵触情绪”, where it refers to a feeling of resistance. Use it with a topic or change that people may react against.
因为
因为 means “because” and introduces the reason in “因为这个主题挑战了他们原有的习惯”. It places the cause before the result in this sentence. Use it to explain why someone acts or feels a certain way.
这个
这个 means “this” in “这个主题”, pointing to the topic currently being discussed. It comes directly before the noun it identifies. Use “这个 + noun” when referring to a specific nearby thing or idea.
主题
主题 means “topic” in “这个主题挑战了他们原有的习惯”. It is the subject that creates the challenge in this sentence. Use it for the central subject of a discussion, lesson, or workshop.
挑战
挑战 means “challenge” as a verb in “这个主题挑战了他们原有的习惯”, meaning that the topic puts their existing habits under pressure. The pattern “X挑战Y” places the source before the thing affected. Use it when an idea or situation tests an established practice.
了
了 in “挑战了” presents the challenge as a completed or changed situation that is relevant now. It follows the verb in this dialogue form. Use verb + 了 when presenting an action or situation as having been realized or changed.
他们
他们 means “they” or “them” in “他们原有的习惯”, referring to the participants mentioned earlier. Here it comes before 原有的习惯 to show whose habits are meant. Use it to refer back to a plural group already under discussion.
原有
原有 means “original” or “existing” in “原有的习惯”, emphasizing that the habits were already in place. It modifies 习惯 through 的. Use “原有的 + noun” for something that existed before a new event or change.
的
的 links the modifier 原有 to the noun 习惯 in “原有的习惯”. It shows that the first element describes the following noun. Use the pattern “modifier + 的 + noun” to build a noun phrase.
习惯
习惯 means “habits” in “他们原有的习惯”, referring to established ways of doing things. It is the object affected by 挑战了. Use it when discussing repeated practices that people already follow.
如果
如果 means “if” and introduces the condition in “如果他们觉得自己因为过去的决定受到责备”. It sets up a possible situation whose result follows later. Use it with the result pattern “如果...就...”, as in this dialogue.
觉得
觉得 means “feel” or “think” in “他们觉得自己受到责备”, describing the participants’ perception of their situation. It is followed here by the content of that feeling, including 自己. Use it before a statement about what someone thinks or feels.
自己
自己 means “themselves” in “觉得自己因为过去的决定受到责备”, referring back to 他们. It marks the people who are experiencing the blame themselves. Use “觉得自己 + situation” when someone perceives an action or condition as affecting them personally.
过去
过去 means “past” in “过去的决定”, identifying decisions made earlier. It modifies 决定 through 的. Use “过去的 + noun” when referring to something connected with an earlier period.
决定
决定 means “decisions” in “过去的决定”, referring to choices made in the past. It is the noun modified by 过去的. Use it when discussing choices that someone made or that affected later events.
受到
受到 means “receive” or “be subjected to” in “受到责备”, describing people experiencing blame from others. It is followed by the treatment or response they receive. Use “受到 + response or treatment” when explaining how someone is affected.
责备
责备 means “blame” or “reproach” in “受到责备”, the negative response the participants feel they are receiving. It follows 受到 in this expression. Use it when describing criticism directed at someone for an action or decision.
就
就 means “then” or “consequently” in “如果...就很可能会产生抵触情绪”, marking the result of the condition introduced by 如果. It commonly follows a condition and introduces its consequence. Use the pattern “如果 + condition，就 + result” for conditional reasoning.
很
很 means “very” or “quite” in “很可能”, intensifying the likelihood of the result. It comes before 可能 in this exact expression. Use it before an adjective or likelihood expression when emphasizing its degree.
产生
产生 means “develop” or “produce” in “产生抵触情绪”, describing the appearance of a feeling or response. It comes before the noun 情绪 here. Use “产生 + feeling or result” when something begins to arise.
情绪
情绪 means “emotion” or “feeling” in “抵触情绪”, referring specifically to a feeling of resistance. It follows the modifying word 抵触. Use it when discussing an emotional response that someone develops or expresses.
我们
我们 means “we” or “us” in “我们应该围绕系统来设计这次研讨”, referring to the two colleagues planning the workshop. It appears as the subject before 应该. Use it when presenting a shared plan or recommendation.
应该
应该 means “should” in “我们应该围绕系统来设计这次研讨”, expressing a recommendation about how to plan the session. It comes before the proposed action. Use “应该 + action” when advising what ought to be done.
围绕
围绕 means “center around” in “围绕系统来设计”, identifying the main focus of the workshop design. It is followed by the focus 系统 and then 来设计. Use “围绕 + focus + 来 + action” to describe organizing an action around a central subject.
系统
系统 means “systems” in “围绕系统来设计这次研讨”, the subject around which the session should be framed. It follows 围绕 as its focus. Use it when discussing connected structures or processes rather than individual people.
来
来 in “围绕系统来设计” introduces the action or method that follows, namely 设计. It connects the focus of the action with the action itself. Use “围绕...来 + verb” when explaining what an activity is organized around.
设计
设计 means “design” or “frame” in “设计这次研讨”, describing the planning and framing of the workshop. It takes 这次研讨 as its object here. Use it when deciding how to organize a session, activity, or process.
这次
这次 means “this session” or “this time” in “这次研讨”, pointing to the workshop currently being planned. It comes before the event noun 研讨. Use it to identify the current instance of an activity.
研讨
研讨 means “workshop discussion” or “study” in “这次研讨”, referring to the planned professional session. It is the event being designed in this dialogue. Use it for a structured discussion or study session focused on a topic.
而
而 means “and” or “rather” in “而不是针对个人”, linking the preferred focus with the rejected alternative. It introduces a contrast with what follows. Use it in the pattern “X而不是Y” to distinguish the intended approach from another one.
不是
不是 means “not” in “而不是针对个人”, rejecting the alternative of directing the session at individuals. It completes the contrast introduced by 而. Use “而不是 + alternative” to state what should not be chosen.
针对
针对 means “target” or “be directed at” in “针对个人”, describing an approach focused on individuals. It comes before the object 个人. Use “针对 + person or issue” when an action or discussion is directed toward a particular target.
个人
个人 means “individuals” in “针对个人”, referring to people considered separately rather than the systems around them. It is the object after 针对. Use it when contrasting individual people with a broader group, process, or system.
这样
这样 means “in this way” or “this approach” in “这样可以减少防御心理”, referring to the preceding decision to focus on systems. It introduces the result of that approach. Use “这样可以 + action” to explain what a method makes possible.
可以
可以 means “can” or “makes it possible to” in “可以减少防御心理”, presenting the reduction as a possible result. It comes before the action 减少. Use “可以 + verb” to describe what an approach allows or achieves.
减少
减少 means “reduce” in “减少防御心理”, describing a decrease in a defensive response. It takes 防御心理 as its object. Use “减少 + response or problem” when an action lowers its amount or intensity.
防御
防御 means “defensive” or “defense” in “防御心理”, referring to a defensive mental response. It modifies 心理 in this compound. Use it with 心理 when discussing people becoming guarded in a discussion.
心理
心理 means “mindset” or “mental response” in “防御心理”, the defensive reaction that can be reduced. It follows 防御 as part of the expression. Use it when referring to an internal mental state or attitude.
也
也 means “also” in “也能促进更坦诚的讨论”, adding a second benefit to the one introduced before it. It comes before 能 in this sentence. Use it to connect another result or action with an earlier one.
能
能 means “can” or “be able to” in “也能促进更坦诚的讨论”, showing that the approach can foster discussion as well. It comes before the action 促进. Use “能 + verb” to describe a possible ability or effect.
促进
促进 means “promote” or “foster” in “促进更坦诚的讨论”, describing how the approach encourages better discussion. It takes the discussion as its object. Use “促进 + process or result” when something helps that process develop.
更
更 means “more” or “even more” in “更坦诚的讨论”, increasing the degree of 坦诚. It comes before the describing word. Use it before a quality when comparing or emphasizing a higher degree.
坦诚
坦诚 means “honest” or “candid” in “更坦诚的讨论”, describing discussion that is more open and sincere. It modifies 讨论 through 的. Use “坦诚的 + discussion or communication” when describing open exchange.
讨论
讨论 means “discussion” in “更坦诚的讨论”, referring to the conversation the workshop should encourage. It is the object of 促进. Use it for an organized exchange of views about a topic.
不能
不能 in “能不能加入” forms the negative half of a question about whether something can be included. In this dialogue, the full pattern “能不能 + action” means “could we...?” or “can we...?”, rather than simply stating inability. Use it when asking whether a proposed action is possible.
加入
加入 means “include” or “add” in “能不能加入一些理性的人持有不同意见的例子”, asking whether examples can be added to the session. It is followed by the thing being included. Use “加入 + content” when adding material to a plan, discussion, or activity.
一些
一些 means “some” or “a few” in “一些理性的人持有不同意见的例子”, referring to an unspecified number of examples. It comes before the noun phrase it limits. Use it when suggesting a limited but unspecified amount of something.
理性
理性 means “reasonable” or “rational” in “理性的人”, describing people who can nevertheless hold different views. It modifies 人. Use it before a noun when emphasizing reasoned judgment or behavior.
人
人 means “people” or “person” in “理性的人”, the people whose differing opinions are shown in the examples. It is the head noun after 理性的 description. Use it for a person or people in a general description.
持有
持有 means “hold” in “持有不同意见”, describing people who hold differing opinions. It is followed by the opinion being held. Use “持有 + 意见” when describing someone’s position or view.
不同
不同 means “different” in “不同意见”, showing that the opinions do not agree with one another. It modifies 意见. Use “不同的 + noun” or the compact pattern “不同 + noun” when identifying variation.
意见
意见 means “opinions” or “views” in “持有不同意见”, referring to the positions held by reasonable people. It is the object of 持有. Use it when discussing someone’s view on an issue or proposal.
例子
例子 means “examples” in “加入一些理性的人持有不同意见的例子”, referring to cases that illustrate disagreement. It is the content to be added to the session. Use it when introducing a concrete case that helps explain an idea.
这些
这些 means “these” in “这些例子”, pointing back to the examples just proposed. It comes before 例子. Use “这些 + noun” when referring to specific items already identified in the conversation.
展现
展现 means “show” or “demonstrate” in “这些例子可以展现事情的复杂性”, describing what the examples make visible. It takes 事情的复杂性 as its object. Use “展现 + quality or situation” when examples reveal an important feature.
事情
事情 means “matter” or “situation” in “事情的复杂性”, referring to the matter whose complexity is being shown. It is linked to 复杂性 by 的. Use it for a situation or matter under discussion.
复杂性
复杂性 means “complexity” in “事情的复杂性”, referring to the quality of a matter being complex. It is the object of 展现. Use it when explaining that an issue has multiple interacting aspects.
又
又 means “also” or “moreover” in “又不会把任何人塑造成反派”, adding another consequence of using the examples. It connects this benefit with the earlier one about showing complexity. Use it to add a further result or feature in a coordinated statement.
不会
不会 means “will not” or “will not result in” in “不会把任何人塑造成反派”, predicting that the examples will avoid producing that result. It comes before the 把 construction. Use “不会 + action” when stating that an expected outcome will not occur.
把
把 marks the object being acted on in “把任何人塑造成反派”. It places the affected object before the action and its result. Use the pattern “把 + object + action + result” when emphasizing what happens to the object.
任何
任何 means “any” in “任何人”, referring to no particular person and including every possible person in the statement. It comes before 人. Use “任何 + noun” when making a general statement that applies to any member of a group.
塑造
塑造 means “portray” or “shape” in “把任何人塑造成反派”, describing presenting someone in the role of a villain. It is used with 把 and the result marker 成 here. Use it when describing how a person or character is represented.
成
成 in “塑造成反派” marks the result or role produced by the action, meaning “into” or “as”. It follows 塑造 and comes before 反派. Use the pattern “action + 成 + result” when an action turns or presents something as a result.
反派
反派 means “villain” in “塑造成反派”, the negative character role that the examples will avoid assigning to anyone. It follows 成 as the resulting role. Use it when discussing a story or explanation that portrays someone as the antagonist.
我
我 means “I” or “me” in “我希望参与者练习”, identifying the speaker who expresses the goal. It comes before 希望. Use it as the subject when stating your own intention or preference.
希望
希望 means “hope” or “want” in “我希望参与者练习如何建设性地表达不同意见”, expressing the speaker’s desired outcome. It is followed by the people and action that are wanted. Use “希望 + person + action” to state a desired action by someone.
练习
练习 means “practice” in “参与者练习如何建设性地表达不同意见”, referring to repeated training in how to express disagreement. It is followed by 如何 and the action to be practiced. Use “练习如何 + action” when practicing a method or skill.
如何
如何 means “how” in “练习如何建设性地表达不同意见”, introducing the manner of expressing disagreement. It comes before the action phrase. Use it to ask about or describe the way an action is performed.
建设性
建设性 means “constructive” in “建设性地表达不同意见”, describing a helpful manner of expressing different opinions. It is linked to 表达 by 地. Use it when a disagreement is intended to improve understanding or progress.
地
地 links 建设性 to 表达 in “建设性地表达不同意见”, turning the description into the manner of the action. It appears between the describing word and the verb. Use the pattern “description + 地 + verb” to say how an action is carried out.
表达
表达 means “express” in “表达不同意见”, describing the action of communicating a different opinion. It is followed by the object 不同意见. Use “表达 + opinion or feeling” when communicating a view or response.
那么
那么 means “then” or “in that case” in “那么，我们就需要为证据和语气制定明确的规则”, drawing a conclusion from the preceding plan. It introduces the next necessary action. Use it when responding to a condition or proposal with its consequence.
需要
需要 means “need” in “我们就需要为证据和语气制定明确的规则”, stating that clear rules are necessary. It is followed by the action or thing needed. Use “需要 + noun” or “需要 + action” to identify a requirement.
为
为 means “for” in “为证据和语气制定明确的规则”, introducing the area or purpose that the rules serve. It comes before the paired objects 证据和语气. Use “为 + area or purpose + action” when an action is done for a particular need.
证据
证据 means “evidence” in “为证据和语气制定明确的规则”, identifying one subject that the workshop rules should cover. It is joined to 语气 by 和. Use it when discussing information used to support a claim or discussion.
和
和 means “and” in “证据和语气”, joining two subjects covered by the rules. It appears between the two nouns. Use “A和B” to connect items that share the same action or description.
语气
语气 means “tone” in “证据和语气”, referring to the manner or tone participants should use while disagreeing. It is the second item joined by 和. Use it when discussing how words sound or how communication is presented.
制定
制定 means “formulate” or “establish” in “制定明确的规则”, describing the deliberate creation of rules. It takes 规则 as its object. Use “制定 + rules or plan” when formally creating guidelines for an activity.
明确
明确 means “clear” or “explicit” in “明确的规则”, describing rules whose meaning and requirements are easy to understand. It modifies 规则 through 的. Use “明确的 + noun” when emphasizing that instructions or boundaries are clearly stated.
规则
规则 means “rules” in “为证据和语气制定明确的规则”, referring to the guidelines needed for evidence and tone. It is the object of 制定. Use it for agreed instructions that govern how an activity or discussion is conducted.
Grammar Points
受到 + 名词
参与者受到责备。
cān yù zhě shòu dào zé bèi.The participant is blamed.
受到 places the subject as the receiver of an action or feeling and often creates a formal passive-like expression.
针对 + 名词
研讨针对原有系统。
yán tǎo zhēn duì yuán yǒu xì tǒng.The workshop targets the existing system.
针对 introduces the specific object or target that an action, discussion, or policy is directed toward.
Chinese Vocabulary
参与者
noun
cān yù zhě
participant
有些参与者可能会抵触。
抵触
verb
dǐ chù
to resist; to feel opposed
有些参与者可能会抵触。
防御心理
noun
fáng yù xīn lǐ
defensiveness
这样可以减少防御心理。
过去
adj
guò qù
past; in the past
因为过去的决定受到责备。
决定
noun
jué dìng
decision
因为过去的决定受到责备。
受到责备
phrase
shòu dào zé bèi
to be blamed; to receive blame
因为过去的决定受到责备。
围绕
prep
wéi rào
around; to center on
我们应该围绕系统来设计这次研讨。
习惯
noun
xí guàn
habit
这个主题挑战了他们原有的习惯。
系统
noun
xì tǒng
system
我们应该围绕系统来设计这次研讨。
研讨
noun
yán tǎo
workshop; discussion
我们应该围绕系统来设计这次研讨。
原有
adj
yuán yǒu
existing; original
这个主题挑战了他们原有的习惯。
针对
prep
zhēn duì
to target; directed at
而不是针对个人。
Quiz
Spelling
Tap the letters to spell the word.
to be blamed; to receive blame
Show Answer
受到责备defensiveness
Show Answer
防御心理participant
Show Answer
参与者around; to center on