Ik
Ik means “I” and identifies the speaker in Ik ben buitengesloten. It is used at the start of a sentence about the speaker, as in Ik kan in de lobby zitten.
ben
Ben means “am” in Ik ben buitengesloten, describing the speaker’s current situation. It is used with Ik to describe a state or condition.
buitengesloten
Buitengesloten describes being locked out and unable to enter the apartment. In Ik ben buitengesloten, it follows ben to describe the speaker’s situation.
en
En means “and” and connects the speaker being locked out with the information about the spare key. It can join two related statements, as in Ik kan in de lobby zitten en mijn telefoon aan laten staan.
mijn
Mijn means “my” and shows that the reservesleutel belongs to the speaker. It is placed before the noun in mijn reservesleutel.
reservesleutel
Reservesleutel means “spare key,” the extra key mentioned in the apartment. It is a compound used for a key kept for situations such as being locked out.
ligt
Ligt means “is located” or “lies” in mijn reservesleutel ligt in het appartement. It describes where a stationary object is, and can be reused in the pattern iets ligt in een plaats.
in
In means “in” and places the spare key inside the apartment in ligt in het appartement. It is used before a place containing something or someone.
het
Het means “the” in het appartement and marks the specific apartment being discussed. It comes before appartement in this noun phrase.
appartement
Appartement means “apartment,” the place where the spare key is located. It appears in the phrase het appartement and can name a person’s home or rented living space.
Neem
Neem begins the instruction Neem eerst contact op met de verhuurder, meaning to contact the landlord first. The complete meaning comes from Neem contact op met; the word Neem starts this instruction.
eerst
Eerst means “first” and sets the landlord as the first person to contact. It can mark the first step in a plan, as in Neem eerst contact op met de verhuurder.
contact
Contact refers to communication in contact op met de verhuurder. In the construction contact op met, it names the contact being made with someone.
op
Op is part of contact op met and helps form the expression meaning “make contact with.” It should be kept with contact and met when reusing this expression.
met
Met means “with” in contact op met de verhuurder and identifies the person contacted. It follows contact op in this expression.
de
De means “the” in de verhuurder and marks the specific landlord being discussed. It comes before verhuurder in this noun phrase.
verhuurder
Verhuurder means “landlord,” the person who rents out the apartment. It appears in contact op met de verhuurder and can be used when discussing housing or rental problems.
Bel
Bel means “call” in the instruction Bel daarna een slotenmaker. It is used to tell someone to make a phone call, and the same form appears in bel er dan een.
daarna
Daarna means “afterwards” or “then” and places calling the locksmith after contacting the landlord. It is useful for ordering steps in a plan.
een
Een means “a” in een slotenmaker and introduces one unspecified locksmith. In bel er dan een, it means “one” and refers back to a locksmith.
slotenmaker
Slotenmaker means “locksmith,” the person who can help open the apartment. It is the object after Bel in Bel daarna een slotenmaker and after bellen in een slotenmaker bellen.
als
Als means “if” in als je niet snel hulp kunt krijgen and introduces the condition for calling a locksmith. It also introduces the condition in Als de verhuurder nog steeds niet reageert.
je
Je means “you” in je niet snel hulp kunt krijgen and identifies the person who may receive help. It also appears in Je kunt daar warm blijven when addressing the other person.
niet
Niet means “not” and makes the possibility of getting help negative in niet snel hulp kunt krijgen. It is placed before the relevant part of the clause.
snel
Snel means “soon” in niet snel hulp kunt krijgen and describes how quickly help may arrive. It can describe the timing of an action or event.
hulp
Hulp means “help,” referring here to assistance with getting inside. It appears in hulp kunt krijgen, a reusable pattern meaning that someone can receive help.
kunt
Kunt means “can” or “are able to” in je niet snel hulp kunt krijgen. It combines with the infinitive krijgen to describe whether someone is able to receive help.
krijgen
Krijgen means “get” or “receive” in hulp kunt krijgen. The reusable pattern is hulp krijgen, meaning to receive help.
heb
Heb means “have” in Ik heb een bericht achtergelaten. Together with achtergelaten, it says that the speaker has left a message.
bericht
Bericht means “message,” referring to the communication left for the landlord. It appears in een bericht achtergelaten and can be used for a written or recorded message.
achtergelaten
Achtergelaten means “left behind” in Ik heb een bericht achtergelaten. It is the form used after heb to say that a message was left; the citation form is achterlaten.
maar
Maar means “but” and contrasts leaving a message with the landlord not replying. It connects two statements when the second one limits or contrasts with the first.
heeft
Heeft means “has” in de verhuurder heeft nog niet gereageerd and belongs to the landlord as the subject. Together with gereageerd, it describes the landlord’s response up to now.
nog
Nog means “yet” in nog niet gereageerd, showing that a reply has not happened up to this point. The pattern nog niet is useful when something expected has not happened yet.
gereageerd
Gereageerd means “replied” or “responded” in de verhuurder heeft nog niet gereageerd. It is used with heeft to describe whether the landlord has given a response.
Wacht
Wacht means “wait” in the instruction Wacht nog iets langer. It tells someone to remain where they are or delay an action.
iets
Iets means “a little” in iets langer and softens the amount of extra waiting. It also appears in iets meer tijd, where it means “a little” more.
langer
Langer means “longer” in Wacht nog iets langer, referring to an extension of the waiting time. It can be used after wachten to describe waiting for an extended period.
tenzij
Tenzij means “unless” and introduces the exception to waiting in tenzij je meteen naar binnen moet. It is useful when an action applies except under one condition.
meteen
Meteen means “immediately” or “right away” in meteen naar binnen moeten. It emphasizes that entering is needed without delay.
naar
Naar means “to” or “toward” in naar binnen, indicating movement toward the inside. It is used with binnen to describe going into an interior space.
binnen
Binnen means “inside” in naar binnen, referring to entering the apartment or building. The expression naar binnen describes movement from outside to inside.
moet
Moet means “must” or “need to” in je meteen naar binnen moet. It expresses a need or obligation connected with getting inside.
Misschien
Misschien means “maybe” or “perhaps” and shows that the speaker is not certain about needing to prove where they live. It is useful for presenting a possible situation without stating it as certain.
bewijzen
Bewijzen means “prove” in moet ik bewijzen dat ik hier woon. It follows moet and takes the clause dat ik hier woon as the information to be proved.
dat
Dat means “that” in bewijzen dat ik hier woon and introduces the information the speaker may need to prove. It connects bewijzen with the statement about living there.
hier
Hier means “here” and refers to the place where the speaker is speaking about living. In dat ik hier woon, it points to the apartment or building in the current situation.
woon
Woon means “live” in ik hier woon and states where the speaker has their home. It is used with Ik in a statement about the speaker’s residence.
iemand
Iemand means “someone,” referring to an unspecified person who may come to help. It is useful when the person is not identified or is not yet known.
komt
Komt means “comes” in als iemand komt helpen and describes someone arriving to provide help. It is followed here by helpen to express coming for that purpose.
helpen
Helpen means “help” in komt helpen, describing the purpose of someone’s arrival. The pattern iemand komt helpen can be used when a person is coming to assist.
Houd
Houd means “keep” in the instruction Houd je identiteitsbewijs klaar. It tells someone to have the identification ready and available.
identiteitsbewijs
Identiteitsbewijs means “identification” or “ID document,” the document used to show who the person is. It appears as the object of Houd in Houd je identiteitsbewijs klaar.
klaar
Klaar means “ready” in Houd je identiteitsbewijs klaar. The pattern iets klaar houden means to keep something ready for use or inspection.
warme
Warme means “warm” and describes the place where the person should wait in een warme plek. It appears before plek to describe that location.
plek
Plek means “place” in een warme plek, referring to a location where the person can wait. It can be combined with an adjective to describe the place, as in warme plek.
wil
Wil means “want” in Ik wil geen slotenmaker bellen. It expresses the speaker’s preference and is followed by the action they do not want to take.
geen
Geen means “no” or “not any” before slotenmaker in geen slotenmaker bellen. It makes the noun phrase negative without using an indefinite article.
bellen
Bellen means “call” in Ik wil geen slotenmaker bellen. It is the action following wil, and the pattern iemand bellen means to call someone.
nodig
Nodig means “necessary” in tenzij het nodig is. It describes whether calling a locksmith is required in the situation.
is
Is means “is” in het nodig is and links the situation with the description necessary. It completes the expression het nodig is, meaning that it is necessary.
steeds
Steeds means “still” in nog steeds niet reageert and emphasizes that the landlord continues not to reply. It is useful for describing a situation that remains unchanged.
reageert
Reageert means “replies” or “responds” in de verhuurder nog steeds niet reageert. It describes the landlord’s expected response to the message.
er
Er is used in bel er dan een to avoid repeating slotenmaker while referring to one locksmith. The complete expression er een means “one” in this context.
dan
Dan means “then” in bel er dan een and marks the action to take if the condition is met. It connects the condition about the landlord’s reply with the next step.
leg
Leg means “explain” in leg de situatie uit. The complete expression leg ... uit means “explain ...”; leg introduces the instruction and uit completes it.
situatie
Situatie means “situation,” referring to being locked out and needing help. It is the object in leg de situatie uit, meaning to explain the situation.
uit
Uit is the particle used with leg in leg de situatie uit to form the meaning “explain.” The full expression is leg ... uit, so uit should remain with leg when reused.
kan
Kan means “can” in Ik kan in de lobby zitten and expresses the speaker’s ability or possibility. It is followed by the infinitive zitten.
lobby
Lobby means “lobby,” the shared entrance or waiting area where the speaker can sit. It appears after in to name the place of sitting.
zitten
Zitten means “sit” in Ik kan in de lobby zitten. It follows kan and describes remaining seated in the lobby.
telefoon
Telefoon means “phone” in mijn telefoon aan laten staan. It is the device that the speaker intends to keep switched on.
aan
Aan means “on” in mijn telefoon aan laten staan. Together with laten staan, it describes leaving the phone switched on.
laten
Laten means “let” or “leave” in mijn telefoon aan laten staan. In aan laten staan, it expresses allowing the phone to remain in that state.
staan
Staan means “stand” in general, but in aan laten staan it means that the phone remains on. The complete pattern aan laten staan is used for leaving a device switched on.
daar
Daar means “there” and refers back to the lobby in Je kunt daar warm blijven. It points to a previously mentioned place.
warm
Warm means “warm” in warm blijven and describes the condition the person can maintain while waiting. It combines with blijven to mean staying warm.
blijven
Blijven means “stay” or “remain” in Je kunt daar warm blijven. It follows kunt and describes continuing in the same place or condition.
terwijl
Terwijl means “while” and connects staying warm with giving the landlord more time. It introduces actions happening during the same period.
meer
Meer means “more” in nog iets meer tijd and refers to an additional amount of time. It can be placed before a noun to request or describe an increased amount.
tijd
Tijd means “time” in de verhuurder nog iets meer tijd geeft. It is what the speaker gives the landlord in order to wait longer for a reply.
geeft
Geeft means “gives” in de verhuurder nog iets meer tijd geeft and describes allowing the landlord additional time. The pattern iemand tijd geven means to give someone time.